Natalie S. Wolfenbarger

Institute for Geophysics, John A. and Katherine G. Jackson School of Geosciences, University of Texas at Austin, Institute for Geophysics, John A. and Katherine G. Jackson School of Geosciences, University of Texas at Austin
Corresponding Author:nwolfenb@utexas.edu
Author ProfileAbstract
The composition of impurities in ice controls the stability of liquid
water and thus the distribution of potential aqueous habitats. We
present a framework for modeling the brine volume fraction in impure
water ice as a simple polynomial function of temperature and bulk ice
salinity, inspired by models originally developed for sea ice. We
applied this framework to examine the distribution of brine within the
thermally conductive layer of Europa’s ice shell, considering binary
(NaCl and MgSO4) and analog (Cl-dominated and SO4-dominated) endmember
impurity compositions. We found that the vertical extent of brine in a
conductive ice layer, expressed as a fraction of the total layer
thickness, is more sensitive to composition for the binary endmember
impurity compositions than for the analog endmember impurity
compositions. Although the vertical extent of brine is equal for the
analog endmember impurity compositions, the brine volume fraction is
consistently higher for the Cl-dominated ice shell than the
SO4-dominated ice shell. Pressure, governed by the ice thickness, was
found to have only a minor effect on the vertical extent of brine within
an ice shell, relative to temperature and bulk salinity. The minimum
stable bulk ice shell salinity formed through freezing of an ocean was
found to be insensitive to composition and ultimately governed by the
magnitude of the assumed percolation threshold.