Due to the advantages in safety and cost, more and more large underground caverns are being built to store energy or hazardous waste in the world, especially in China. However, so far, there are few studies focusing on dynamic response characteristics of deep underground storage caverns with large span. In this paper, the dynamic time history analysis method is used to study the seismic response characteristics of such a facility and the aseismic effect of seismic measures. First, to investigate the internal force and deformation responses of the liner, a series of calculation cases of the underground storage cavern with different load conditions are implemented: static load only, dynamic load only, both static and dynamic loads. Then, a rubber material is placed between the primary and secondary liners as a coating layer, and the influence of thickness of the rubber layer on the seismic mitigation of underground storage cavern is also investigated. Results indicate that dynamic load significantly increases the internal force of the structure, but has little effect on the deformation. With the seismic measure by setting coating layer, the underground storage cavern has better performance: the peak values of internal forces and deformation of liner are all reduced. The seismic mitigation effect of the coating layer tends to be more obvious with the increase of the thickness of the coating layer. When the thickness of the layer reaches a critical value, i.e. 30cm, however, the improvement of the seismic mitigation of the coating layer is invisible and slight with the increase of its thickness.