Flow aware parameterizations invigorate the simulated ocean circulation
under the Pine Island ice shelf, West Antarctica
Abstract
Warm, subsurface ocean waters that access ice shelves in the Amundsen
Sea are likely to be a key driver of high meltrates and ice shelf
thinning. Numerical models of the ocean circulation have been essential
for gaining understanding of the mechanisms responsible for heat
delivery and meltrate response, but a number of challenges remain for
simulations that incorporate this region. Here, we explore how sub ice
shelf cavity circulation and meltrate patterns are impacted by
parameterization schemes for (1) subgrid-scale ocean turbulence, and (2)
ice-ocean interactions. We focus on developing a numerical model for the
steady state ocean circulation underneath the Pine Island ice shelf, and
validate a suite of numerical experiments against available mooring
observations and satellite derived meltrate patterns. Each model is
forced with data-informed open boundary conditions that bear the imprint
of the gyre in Pine Island Bay. We find that even at a ∼600 m grid
resolution, flow aware ocean parameterizations for subgrid-scale
momentum and tracer transfer are crucial for representing the
circulation and meltrate pattern adequately. Our simulations show that
enhanced meltwater diffusion near the ice-ocean interface drives
vigorous near wall velocities via thermal wind, which subsequently
increases meltrates near the grounding line. Incorporating a velocity
dependent ice-ocean transfer coefficient together with a flow aware
ocean turbulence parameterization therefore seems to be necessary for
modelling the sub ice shelf ocean circulation at this resolution.