III) Increased intraspecies & interspecies violence shapes great ape cultureIV) In-group cultural exclusivity - out-group xenophobia & increased aggression

Methods

Field sites with very long term datasets -> Gombe/Tuanan/Tai/Kokolopori
Field sites with phonologies
Field sites where surrounding areas are subject to illegal logging

Why do we need to study this?

Too often in conservation the focus is on direct immediate and easily preventable threats: 
Climate change counters the narrative of conservation being a preventable evil by - It challenges the ideas of why we conserve, and 
In many ways the apocalyptic conditions are ones that humans in many parts of the world are already living under, and ancient hominids already will have. Numerous bottlenecks have occurred in human evolution in the face of widespread habitat loss or