The presence of higher
amounts of phenols and flavonoids in the extraction of red, brown, and green
marine algae by chloroform and ethyl acetate produced higher DPPH
radical-scavenging and growth inhibitory activities in A549, HCT-15, and PC-3
cells [55]. Polar and non-polar solvent extracts of Caulerpa peltata, Padina
gymnospora presented potential antioxidant and antiproliferative activities
as well as effects on cell morphology [56]. Chloroform extract of C. peltata and ethyl acetate extract of P. gymnospora were reported to have better beta-carotene bleaching
inhibitory and total reducing activities relative to the other three extracts
(aqueous, methanol, chloroform or ethyl acetate) of the two algae [57]. Fucoidans are sulfated polysaccharides extracted from Turbinaria conoides have been shown to
inhibit matrix metalloproteases -2 and -9 activities in pancreatic cancer cells
[58]. The effect of algal lycopene extracted from Chlorella marina in human prostate cancer cell lines showed higher
anti-proliferative compared to tomatal-lycopene (TL) -treated groups [59].