Figure 5. Evaluation of the effect of the CDs on biofilms.
(a-b) The absorbance of the crystal violet stained solutions at 590 nm
after treatment of S. aureus (a) and S. typhimurium (b)
biofilms with different concentrations of the CD for 48 h under light
irradiation and in the dark. Inset shows the corresponding photographs
of the crystal violet stained solutions after treatment of S.
aureus (a) and S. typhimurium (b) biofilms with different
concentrations of the CD for 48 h under irradiation and in the dark.
(c-d) The absorbance of the crystal violet stained solutions at 590 nm
after treatment of S. aureus (c) and S. typhimurium (d)
with different concentrations of the CD for 48 h under light and in the
dark. Inset denotes the corresponding photographs of crystal violet
stained suspensions after treatment of S. aureus (c) and S.
typhimurium (d) with different concentrations of the CD for 48 h under
irradiation and in the dark. Note that the concentration of the CD in
each well in all the photographs corresponds to that of thex -axis towards below. (e) Schematic illustration of the
disruptive and inhibitory effects of the CDs on biofilm.