Crystallinity
Chitosan spectra were acquired using Perkin Elmer FTIR 1600 infrared spectroscopy instrument (Perkin Elmer Spectroscopy, USA) over a frequency range of 4000 to 400 cm−1. To prepare the chitosan sample for analysis, it was mixed with KBr and the resulting mixture was dried and pressed to form a homogeneous sample/KBr disc. The absorption bands at 1655 and 3450 cm−1 were utilized to determine the degree of deacetylation (DD%) (Kumari et al., 2015).