Procedure
Each horse received detomidine hydrochloride (0.02 mg/kg, IV; Detomidin®, Provet Veterinary Products Ltd., Istanbul, Turkiye), diazepam (0.03 mg/kg, IV; Diazepam inj., Samjin Pharm. Co. Ltd., Hwasung-si, Korea), and ketamine (2 mg/kg, IV; ketamin injection, Yuhan, Chungju-si, Korea) for sedation and anaesthesia induction. Aanesthesia was maintained with isoflurane (Ifran, Hana Pharm. Co. Ltd., Hwasung-si, Korea) and 100 % oxygen. The horses were placed in the left lateral recumbency position on the custom-made stationary table. An 18-gauge catheter was inserted aseptically into the medial palmar artery under the carpal joint under ultrasound guide. A pre-contrast CT was performed, followed by a CECT scan started 3 s after CM injection using a remote-control injector maximum pressure was set to 300 psi (Medrad® Slient S, Imaxeon Pty Lts. Rydalmere, Australia). Following CT scans, the intra-arterial catheter was removed, and a pressure bandage was applied. Horses received detomidine hydrochloride (0.1 mL, IV; Detomidin®, Provet Veterinary Products Ltd., Istanbul, Turkiye) to prevent excitement and recovered from anaesthesia without assistance. The injector pressure (psi), volume of CT dose index (CTDIvol), and anaesthesia time were recorded for each procedure.