3.3 Demographic history
A unimodal distribution was observed in the mismatch distribution
analysis (Figure 4a), which was consistent with the expected
distribution under a sudden expansion model (Rg = 0.0536, P> 0.05, Table 4). It is also possible that populations had
undergone expansion in the past (as indicated by the star-like
networks). The sum of the squared deviation (SSD) showed that there was
no significant deviation from the growth and expansion model (P> 0.05). The Tajima’s D and Fu’s F s tests ofL. spadiceus were significantly negative (Tajima’s D =
-1.905, P < 0.05; Fu’s F s = -10.543, P< 0.01, Table 4). Typically, such values indicated thatL. spadiceus may have experienced population expansion.
Bayesian skyline plots supported
demographic scenarios explaining the recent population expansion ofL. spadiceus (Figure 4b). The population experienced a
significant increase, followed by a period of demographic stability. The
calculated population expansion time is approximately
from 0.025 Mya to 0.010 Mya
during the Late Pleistocene (Figure 4b).