References
Acero-Murcia, A. C., Raposo do Amaral, F., de Barros, F. C., da Silva
Ribeiro, T., Miyaki, C. Y. and Maldonado-Coelho, M. 2021. Ecological and
evolutionary drivers of geographic variation in songs of a Neotropical
suboscine bird: The Drab-Breasted Bamboo Tyrant (Hemitriccus
diops , Rhynchocyclidae). – Ornithology 138: 1–15.
Acosta, I., Cabanne, G. S., Noll, D., González-Acuña, D., Pliscoff, P.
and Vianna, J. A. 2020. Patagonian glacial effects on the endemic
Green-backed Firecrown, Sephanoides sephaniodes (Aves:
Trochilidae): evidence from species distribution models and molecular
data. – J. Ornithol. 162: 289–301.
Arrieta, R. S., Lijtmaer, D. A. and Tubaro, P. L. 2013. Evolution of
postzygotic reproductive isolation in galliform birds: analysis of first
and second hybrid generations and backcrosses. – Biol. J. Linn. Soc.
Lond. 110: 528–542.
Barreira, A., Eaton, M. D., Vilacoba, E., Tubaro, P. L. and Kopuchian,
C. 2021. Short‑wavelength visual sensitivity and sexual differences in
plumaje colouration of ovenbirds (Aves: Furnariinae). – J. Ornithol.
162: 737–748.
Bocalini, F., Bolívar-Leguizamón, S. D., Silveira, L. F. and Bravo, G.
A. 2023. Amazonian colonization from the Atlantic Forest: New
perspectives on the connections of South American tropical forests. –
Mol. Ecol. 00: 1–22.
Bolívar-Leguizamón, S. D., Silveira, L. F, Derryberry, E. P., Brumfield,
R. T. and Bravo, G. A. 2020. Phylogeography of the Variable Antshrike
(Thamnophilus caerulescens ), a South American passerine
distributed along multiple environmental gradients. – Mol. Phylogenet.
Evol. 148: 106810.
Bradburd, G. S., Coop, G. M. and Ralph, P. L. 2018. Inferring continuous
and discrete population genetic structure across apace. – Genetics 210:
33–52.
Brumfield, R. T. and Edwards, S. V. 2007. Evolution into and out of the
Andes: a bayesian analysis of historical diversification inThamnophilus antshrikes . – Evolution 61: 346–367.
Bukowski, B., Campagna, L., Rodríguez-Cajarville, M. J., Cabanne, G. S.,
Tubaro, P. L. and Lijtmaer, D. A. 2024. The role of glaciations in the
evolutionary history of a widely distributed Neotropical open habitat
bird. – J. Biogeogr. 51: 199–214.
Cabanne, G. S., d’Horta, F. M., Sari, E. H., Santos, F. R., Miyaki, C.
Y. 2008. Nuclear and mitochondrial phylogeography of the Atlantic forest
endemic Xiphorhynchus fuscus (Aves: Dendrocolaptidae):
biogeography and systematics implications. – Mol. Phylogenet. Evol. 49:
760–73.
Cabanne, G. S., Calderon, L., Trujillo-Arias, N., Flores, P., Pessoa,
R., d’Horta, F. M., Miyaki, C. Y. 2016. Pleistocene climatic changes
affected species ranges and evolutionary processes in the Atlantic
Forest. – Biol. J. Linn. Soc. 119: 856–872.
Cabanne, G. S., Campagna, L., Trujillo-Arias, N., Naoki, K., Gómez, I.,
Miyaki, C. Y., Santos, F. R., Dantas, G. P. M., Aleixo, A., Claramuntk,
S., Rocha, A., Caparroz, R., Lovette, I. J. and Tubaro, P. L. 2019.
Phylogeographic variation within the Buff-browed Foliage-gleaner (Aves:
Furnariidae: Syndactyla rufosuperciliata ) supports an
Andean-Atlantic forests connection via the Cerrado. – Mol. Phylogenet.
Evol. 133: 198–213.
Cadena, C. D., Klicka, J. and Ricklefs, R. E. 2007. Evolutionary
differentiation in the Neotropical montane region: molecular
phylogenetics and phylogeography of Buarremon brushfinches (Aves,
Emberizidae). – Mol. Phylogenet. Evol. 44: 993–1016.
Campagna, L., St Clair, J. J. H., Lougheed, S. C., Woods, R. W.,
Imberti, S. and Tubaro, P. L. 2012. Divergence between passerine
populations from the Malvinas – Falkland Islands and their continental
counterparts: a comparative phylogeographical study. – Biol. J. Linn.
Soc. 106: 865–879.
Carnaval, A. C. and Moritz, C. 2008. Historical climate modelling
predicts patterns of current biodiversity in the Brazilian Atlantic
forest. – J. Biogeogr. 35: 1187–1201.
Chaves, J. A., Weir, J. T. and Smith, T. B. 2011. Diversification inAdelomyia hummingbirds follows Andean uplift. – Mol. Ecol. 20:
4564–4576.
Costa, L. 2003. The historical bridge between the Amazon and the
Atlantic Forest of Brazil: a study of molecular phylogeography with
small mammals. – J. Biogeogr. 30: 71–86.
Clements, J. F., Schulenberg, T. S., Iliff, M. J., Fredericks, T. A.,
Gerbracht, J. A., Lepage, D., Billerman, S. M., Sullivan, B. L. and
Wood, C. L. 2022. The eBird/Clements checklist of Birds of the World:
v2022. Downloaded from
https://www.birds.cornell.edu/clementschecklist/download/
Darriba, D., Taboada, G. L., Doallo, R. and Posada, D. 2012. jModelTest
2: more models, new heuristics and parallel computing. Nat. Methods 9:
772.
del Hoyo, J., Zimmer, K., Collar, N., Isler, M. L. and Kirwan, G. M.
2020. Rufous-capped Antshrike (Thamnophilus ruficapillus ),
version 1.0. In S. M. Billerman, B. K. Keeney, P. G. Rodewald and T. S.
Schulenberg (Eds.), Birds of the World. Cornell Lab of Ornithology,
Ithaca, NY, USA.
Drummond, A. J., Suchard, M. A., Xie, D. and Rambaut, A. 2012. Bayesian
phylogenetics with BEAUti and the BEAST 1.7. – Mol. Biol. Evol. 29:
1969–1973.
Earl, D. A. and vonHoldt, B. M. 2012. Structure Harvester: a website and
program for visualizing Structure output and implementing the Evanno
method. – Conserv. Genet. Resour. 4: 359–361.
Eaton, D. A. R. and Overcast, I. 2020. ipyrad: interactive assembly and
analysis of RADseq data sets. – Bioinformatics 36: 2592–2594.
Evanno, G., Regnaut, S. and Goudet, J. 2005. Detecting the number of
clusters of individuals using the software Structure: a simulation
study. – Mol. Ecol. 14: 2611–2620.
Excoffier, L. and Lischer, H. E. L. 2010. Arlequin suite ver. 3.5: A new
series of programs to perform population genetics analyses under Linux
and Windows. –Mol. Ecol. Resour. 10: 564–567.
Felsenstein, J. 1985. Confidence limits on phylogenies: an approach
using the bootstrap. – Evolution 39: 783–791.
García, N. C., Naka, L. N. and Cabanne, G. S. 2018. Vocal variation in
relation to genetic structure in an Atlantic forest woodcreeper
(Xiphorhynchus fuscus ): evolutionary and taxonomic implications.
– J. Ornithol. 159: 379–388.
García, N. C., Campagna, L., Rush, A. C., Bowie R. C. K. and Lovette, I.
J. 2023. Comparative genomics of two Empidonax flycatchers reveal
candidate genes for bird song production. – Evolution 77: 1818–1828.
Goloboff, P., Farris, J. and Nixon, K. 2003. T.N.T.: Tree Analysis Using
New Technology. Program and documentation. –
<http://www.zmuc.dk/public/phylogeny>
Gronau, I., Hubisz, M. J., Gulko, B., Danko, C. G. and Siepel, A. 2011.
Bayesian inference of ancient human demography from individual genome
sequences. – Nat. Genet. 43: 1031–1034.
Gutiérrez-Pinto N., McCracken, K. G., Tubaro, P. L., Kopuchian, C,
Astie, A. and Cadena, C. D. 2019. Molecular, niche, and morphological
differentiation among Torrent Duck (Merganetta armata )
populations in the Andes. – Zool. Scr. 48: 589–604.
Hasegawa, M., Kishino, K. and Yano, T. 1985. Dating the human-ape
splitting by a molecular clock of mitochondrial DNA. – J. Mol. Evol.
22: 160–174.
Hebert, P. D. N., Stoeckle, M. Y., Zemlak, T. S. and Francis, C. M.
2004. Identification of birds through DNA barcodes. – PLoS Biol. 2:
e312.
Isler, M. L., Isler, P. R. and Whitney, B. M. 1998. Use of vocalizations
to establish species limits in antbirds (Passeriformes:Thamnophilidae ). – Auk. 115: 577–590.
Isler, M. L., Isler, P. R. and Brumfield, R. T. 2005. Clinal variation
in vocalizations of an antbird (Thamnophilidae ) and implications
for defining species limits. – Auk. 122: 433–444.
Ivanova, N. V., deWaard, J. R. and Hebert, P. D. N. 2006. An
inexpensive, utomation-friendly protocol for recovering high-quality
DNA. – Mol. Ecol. Notes 6: 998–1002.
Jakobsson, M. and Rosenberg, N. A. 2007. Clumpp: a cluster matching and
permutation program for dealing with label switching and multimodality
in analysis of population structure. – Bioinformatics 23: 1801–1806.
Jetz, W., Thomas, G. H., Joy, J. B., Hartmann, K. and Mooers, A. O.
2012. The global diversity of birds in space and time. – Nature 491:
444–448.
Kerr, K. C. R., Lijtmaer, D. A., Barreira, A. S., Hebert, P. D. N. and
Tubaro, P. L. 2009. Probing evolutionary patterns in Neotropical birds
through DNA barcodes. – PLoS One 4: e4379.
Kocher, T. D., Thomas, W. K., Meyer, A., Edwards, S. V., Pääbo, S.,
Villablanca, F. X. and Wilson, A. C. 1989. Dynamics of mitochondrial DNA
evolution in animals: amplification and sequencing with conserved
primers. – Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 86: 6196–6200.
Kopuchian, C., Campagna, L., Di Giacomo, A., Wilson, R. E., Bulgarella,
M., Petracci, P., Mazar Barnett, J., Matus, R., Blank, O. and McCracken,
K. G. 2016. Demographic history inferred from genome-wide data reveals
two lineages of sheldgeese endemic to a glacial refugium in the southern
Atlantic. – J. Biogeogr. 43: 1979–1989.
Kopuchian, C., Campagna, L., Lijtmaer, D. A., Cabanne, G. S., García, N.
C., Lavinia, P. D., Tubaro, P. L., Lovette, I. and Di Giacomo, A. S.
2020. A test of the riverine barrier hypothesis in the largest
subtropical river basin in the Neotropics. – Mol. Ecol. 29: 2137–2149.
Kroodsma, D. E. and Konishi, M. 1991. A suboscine bird (eastern phoebe,Sayornis phoebe ) develops normal song without auditory feedback.
– Anim. Behav. 42: 477–487.
Kumar, S. and Subramanian, S. 2002. Mutation rates in mammalian genomes.
– Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 99: 803–808.
Lavinia, P. D., Escalante, P., García, N. C., Barreira, A. S.,
Trujillo-Arias, N., Tubaro, P. L., Naoki, K., Miyaki, C. Y., Santos, F.
R. and Lijtmaer, D. A. 2015. Continental-scale analysis reveals deep
diversification within the polytypic red-crowned ant tanager
(Habia rubica , Cardinalidae). – Mol. Phylogenet. Evol. 89:
182–193.
Lavinia, P. D., Kerr, K. C. R., Tubaro, P. L., Hebert, P. D. N. and
Lijtmaer, D. A. 2016. Calibrating the molecular clock beyond cytochrome
b: assessing the evolutionary rate of COI in birds. – J. Avian Biol.
47: 84–91.
Lavinia, P. D., Barreira, A. S., Campagna, L., Tubaro, P. L. and
Lijtmaer, D. A. 2019. Contrasting evolutionary histories in Neotropical
birds: Divergence across an environmental barrier in South America. –
Mol. Ecol. 28: 1730–1747.
Ledru, M. P. 1991. Etude de la pluie pollinique actuelle des forêts du
Brésil Central: climat, végétation, application à l’étude de l’évolution
paléoclimatique des 30 000 dernières années. – Quaternaire 2: 111.
Ledru, M. P. 1993. Late quaternary environmental and climatic changes in
central Brazil. – Quat. Res. 39: 90–98.
Lessa, E. P., Cook, J. A. and Patton, J. L. 2003. Genetic footprints of
demographic expansion in North America, but not Amazonia, during the
Late Quaternary. – PNAS. 100: 10331–10334.
Lijtmaer, D. A., Kerr, K. C. R., Stoeckle, M. Y. and Tubaro, P. L. 2012.
DNA barcoding birds: from field collection to data analysis. In W. J.
Kress and D. L. Erickson (Eds.), DNA barcodes: methods and protocols.
Methods in molecular biology (Vol. 858, pp. 127-152). Springer Science
Business Media LLC.
Lougheed, S. C., Freeland, J. R., Handford, P. and Boag, P. T. 2000. A
molecular phylogeny of warbling-finches (Poospiza ): paraphyly in
a Neotropical Emberizid genus. – Mol. Phylogenet. Evol. 17: 367–378.
Lovette, I. J. 2005. Glacial cycles and the tempo of avian speciation.
– Trends Ecol. Evol. 20: 57–59.
Maia, R., Eliason. C. M., Bitton, P. P., Doucet, S. M. and Shawkey, M.
D. 2013. pavo: an R package for the analysis, visualization and
organization of spectral data. – Methods Ecol. Evol. 4: 906–913.
Maia, R. and White, T. E. 2018. Comparing colors using visual models. –
Behav. Ecol. 29(3): 649–659.
Maldonado-Coelho, M., Blake, J. G., Silveira, L. F., Batalha-Filho, H.,
Ricklefs, R. E. 2013. Rivers, refuges and population divergence of
fire-eye antbirds (Pyriglena ) in the Amazon Basin. – J. Evol.
Biol. 26: 1090–1107.
Morton, E. S. 1975. Ecological sources of selection on avian sounds. –
Am. Nat. 109: 17–34.
Naka, L. N. and Brumfield, R. T. 2018. The dual role of Amazonian rivers
in the generation and maintenance of avian diversity. – Sci. Adv. 4:
1–13.
Nores, M. 1992. Bird speciation in subtropical South America in relation
to forest expansion and retraction. – Auk. 109: 346–357.
Nwankwo, E. C., Pallari, C. T., Hadjioannou, L., Ioannou, A., Mulwa, R.
K. and Kirschel, A. N. 2018. Rapid song divergence leads to discordance
between genetic distance and phenotypic characters important in
reproductive isolation. – Ecol. Evol. 8: 716–731.
Oksanen, J., Blanchet, F. G., Kindt, R., Legendre, P., Minching, P. R.,
O’Hara, R. B., Wagner, H. 2008. Vegan: community ecology package.
–<http://cc.oulu.fi/~jarioksa/softhelp/vegan.html>.
Oliveira-Filho, A. and Ratter, J. A. 1995. A study of the origin of
central Brazilian Forest by the analysis of plant species distribution
patterns. – Edinburgh J. Bot. 52: 141–194.
Olrog, C. 1963. Lista y distribucion de las aves argentinas. – Opera
Lilloana. 9: 1–377.
Orme, C. D. L., Davies, R. G., Burgess, M., Eigenbrod, F., Pickup, N.,
Olson, V. A., Webster, A. J., Ding, T. S., Rasmussen, P. C., Ridgely, R.
S., Stattersfield, A. J., Bennett, P. M., Blackburn, T. M., Gaston, K.
J. and Owens, I. P. F. 2005. Global hotspots of species richness are not
congruent with endemism or threat. – Nature 436: 1016–1019.
Paulo, P., Teófilo, F. H., Bertuol, C., Polo, É., Moncrieff, A. E.,
Bandeira, L. N., Nuñez‑Penichet, C., Fernandes, I. Y., Bosholn, M.,
Machado, A. F., Luna, L. W., Peçanha, W. T., Pessutti Rampini, A.,
Hashimoto, S., Dias, C., Araripe, J., Aleixo, A., Sena do Rêgo, P.,
Hrbek, T., Farias, I. P., Peterson, A. T., Kaefer, I. L., & Anciães, M.
2023. Geographic drivers of genetic and plumage color diversity in the
blue-crowned manakin. – Evol. Biol. 50: 413–431.
Peterson, B. K., Weber, J. N., Kay, E. H., Fisher, H. S. and Hoekstra,
H. E. 2012. Double digest RADseq: an inexpensive method for de novo SNP
discovery and genotyping in model and non-model species. – PLoS One 7:
e37135.
Pritchard, J. K., Stephens, M. and Donnelly, P. 2000. Inference of
population structure using multilocus genotype data. – Genetics 155:
945–959.
R Core Team. 2018. R: A language and environment for statistical
computing. R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria. –
<https://www.R-project.org/>.
Rambaut, A., Suchard, M. A., Xie, D. and Drummond, A. J. 2014. Tracer
v1.6. – <http://beast.bio.ed.ac.uk/Tracer>.
Ribas, C. C., Aleixo, A., Nogueira, A. C. R., Miyaki, C. Y. and
Cracraft, J. 2012. A palaeobiogeographic model for biotic
diversification within Amazonia over the past three million years. –
Proc. R. Soc. B. 279: 681–689.
Ronquist, F., Teslenko, M., van der Mark, P., Ayres, D. L., Darling, A.,
Höhna, S., Larget, B., Liu, L., Suchard, M. A. and Huelsenbeck, J. P.
2012. MrBayes 3.2: efficient Bayesian phylogenetic inference and model
choice across a large model space. – Syst. Biol. 61: 539–542.
Rull, V. 2011. Neotropical biodiversity: timing and potential drivers.
– Trends. Ecol. Evol. 26: 508–513.
Sedano, R. E. and Burns, K. J. 2010. Are the northern Andes a species
pump for Neotropical birds? Phylogenetics and biogeography of a clade of
Neotropical tanagers (Aves: Thraupini). – J. Biogeogr. 37: 325–343.
Seddon, N. 2005. Ecological adaptation and species recognition drives
vocal evolution in neotropical suboscine birds. – Evolution 59:
200–215.
Siddiqi, A., Cronin, T. W., Loew, E. R., Vorobyev, M., Summers, K. 2004.
Interspecific and intraspecific views of color signals in the strawberry
poison frog Dendrobates pumillo . – J. Ex. Biol. 207: 2471–2485.
Silva, J. M. 1994. Can avian distribution patterns in Northern Argentina
be related to retraction caused by Quaternary climatic changes? – Auk.
111: 495–499.
Silva, S. M., Peterson, A. T., Carneiro, L., Burlamaqui, T. C. T.,
Ribas, C. C., Sousa-Neves, T., Miranda, L. S., Fernandes, A. M.,
d’Horta, F. M., Araújo-Silva, L. E., Batista, R., Bandeira, C. H. M. M.,
Dantas, S. M., Ferreira, M., Martins, D. M., Oliveira, J., Rocha, T. C.,
Sardelli, C. H., Thom, G., Rêgo, P. S., Santos, M. P., Sequeira, F.,
Vallinoto, M. and Aleixo, A. 2019. A dynamic continental moisture
gradient drove Amazonian bird diversification. – Sci. Adv. 5: eaat5752.
Smith, B. T. and Klicka, J. 2010. The profound influence of the Late
Pliocene Panamanian uplift on the exchange, diversification and
distribution of New World birds. – Ecography. 33: 333–342.
Smith, B. T., McCormack, J. E., Cuervo, A. M., Hickerson, M. J., Aleixo,
A., Cadena, C. D., Pérez-Emán, J., Burney, C. W., Xie, X., Harvey, M.
G., Faircloth, B. C., Glenn, T. C., Derryberry, E. P., Prejean, J.,
Fields, S., Brumfield, R. T. 2014. The drivers of tropical speciation.
– Nature 515: 406–409.
Stamatakis, A. 2014. RAxML version 8: A tool for phylogenetic analysis
and post-analysis of large phylogenies. – Bioinformatics 30:
1312–1313.
Tabachnick, B. and Fidell, L. 2001. Using multivariate statistics.
Harper Collins College Publishers.
Tamura, K., Peterson, D., Peterson, N., Stecher, G., Nei, M. and Kumar,
S. 2011. MEGA5: molecular evolutionary genetics analysis using maximum
likelihood, evolutionary distance and maximum parsimony methods. – Mol.
Biol. Evol. 28: 2731–2739.
Thom, G., Xue, A. T., Sawakuchi, A. O., Ribas, C. C., Hickerson, M. J.,
Aleixo, A. and Miyaki, C. Y. 2020. Quaternary climate changes as
speciation drivers in the Amazon floodplains. – Sci. Adv. 6: 1–11.
Thrasher, D. J., Butcher, B. G., Campagna, L., Webster, M. S. and
Lovette, I. J. 2018. Double‐digest RAD sequencing outperforms
microsatellite loci at assigning paternity and estimating relatedness: A
proof of concept in a highly promiscuous bird. – Mol. Ecol. Resour. 18:
953–965.
Touchton, J. M., Seddon N. and Tobias J. A. 2014. Captive rearing
experiments confirm song development without learning in a tracheophone
suboscine bird. – PLoS One 9: e95746.
Trujillo-Arias, N., Dantas, G. P. M., Arbeláez-Cortés, E., Naoki, K.,
Gómez, M. I., Santos, F. R., Miyaki, C. Y., Aleixo, A., Tubaro, P. L.
and Cabanne, G. S. 2017. The niche and phylogeography of a passerine
reveal the history of biological diversification between the Andean and
the Atlantic forests. – Mol. Phylogenet. Evol. 112: 107–121.
Trujillo‐Arias, N., Calderón, L., Santos, F. R., Miyaki, C. Y., Aleixo,
A., Witt, C. C., Tubaro, P. L. and Cabanne, G. S. 2018. Forest corridors
between the central Andes and the southern Atlantic Forest enabled
dispersal and peripatric diversification without niche divergence in a
passerine. – Mol. Phylogenet. Evol. 128: 221–232.
Trujillo-Arias, N., Rodríguez-Cajarville, M. J., Sari, E., Miyaki, C.
Y., Santos, F. R., Witt, C. C., Barreira, A. S., Gómez, I., Naoki, K.,
Tubaro, P. L. and Cabanne, G. S. 2020. Evolution between forest
macrorefugia is linked to discordance between genetic and morphological
variation in Neotropical passerines. – Mol. Phylogenet. Evol. 149:
106849.
Tubaro, P. L. and Lijtmaer, D. A. 2006. Environmental correlates of song
structure in forest grosbeaks and saltators. – Condor. 108: 120–129.
Valderrama, E., Pérez-Emán, J. L., Brumfield, R. T., Cuervo, A. M. and
Cadena, C. D. 2014. The influence of the complex topography and dynamic
history of the montane Neotropics on the evolutionary differentiation of
a cloud forest bird (Premnoplex brunnescens , Furnariidae). – J.
Biogeogr. 41: 1533–1546.
van Els, P., Zarza, E., Rocha Moreira, L., Gómez-Bahamón, V., Santana,
A., Aleixo, A., Ribas, C. C., Sena do Rêgo, P., Pérsio Dantas Santos,
M., Zyskowski, K., Prum, R. O. and Berv, J. 2021. Recent divergence and
lack of shared phylogeographic history characterize the diversification
of neotropical savanna birds. – J. Biogeogr. 48: 1–14.
Vorobyev M. and Osorio, D. 1998. Receptor noise as a determinant of
colour thresholds. – Proc. R. Soc. Lond. B. 265: 351–358.
Vorobyev. M., Osorio, D., Bennett, A. T. D., Marshall, N. J., Cuthill,
I. C. 1998. Tetrachromacy, oil droplets and bird plumage colors. – J.
Comp. Physiol. A. 183: 621–633.
Wang, J. L. 2004. Application of the one-migrant-per-generation rule to
conservation and management. – Conserv. Biol. 18: 332–343.
Weir, J. T. 2006. Divergent timing and patterns of species accumulation
in lowland and highland Neotropical birds. – Evolution 60: 842–855.
Weir, J. T. 2009. Implications of genetic differentiation in Neotropical
montane forest birds. – Ann. Miss. Bot. Gard. 96: 410–433.
Weir, J. T. and Price, M. 2011. Andean uplift promotes lowland
speciation through vicariance and dispersal in Dendrocinclawoodcreepers. – Mol. Ecol. 20: 4550–4563.
Weir, J. T. and Schluter, D. 2004. Ice sheets promote speciation in
boreal birds. – Proc. R. Soc. B. 271: 1881–1887.
Weir, J. T. and Schluter, D. 2008. Calibrating the avian molecular
clock. – Mol. Ecol. 17: 2321–2328.
Weir, J. T., Bermingham, E. and Schluter, D. 2009. The Great American
Biotic Interchange in birds. – PNAS. 106: 21737–21742.
Wiley, R. H. 1991. Associations of song properties with habitat for
territorial oscine birds of eastern North America. – Am. Nat. 138:
973e993.
Zheng, X., Levine, D., Shen, J., Gogarten, S., Laurie, C. and Weir, B.
2012. A high-performance computing toolset for relatedness and Principal
Component Analysis of SNP data. – Bioinformatics 28: 3326–3328.
Zurita, A., Boilini, R., Francia, A., Erra, G. and Alcaraz, M. 2014.
Paleontología y cronología del Cuaternario de las provincias de
Corrientes y Formosa, Argentina. – Acta Geológica Lilloana. 26: 75–86.
Table 1. Genetic pairwise comparisons among the five subspecies ofThamnophilus ruficapillus based on mitochondrial DNA (COI + cytb ). Above the diagonal: pairwise ΦST values;
significant values (p < 0.05) in bold. Diagonal: mean
uncorrected genetic distances within each subspecies. Below the
diagonal: mean uncorrected genetic distances between pairs of
subspecies. Genetic distances are expressed in percentage values.