Table 2. Colour differentiation (∆S) among females of T. r. ruficapillus and T. r. cochabambae , and among males of T. r. ruficapillus and T. r. cochabambae . ∆S represents relative chromatic perceptual distance between females of the two subspecies analyzed and between males of the two subspecies analyzed for each plumage patch. Values are geometric means (and 95% confidence intervals) for all comparisons. The unit of ∆S is jnd (just noticeable differences). Values above 1.0 jnd, the theoretical threshold for colour discrimination, are underlined. The PERMANOVA results were statistically not significant in all comparisons.