4. Analyses and Results
Table 1 shows the means, standard deviation, variance, range, minimum, and maximum for each of the variables in this study. Since the nature and the number of items in each test are different we cannot directly compare the tests. To score the cloze-elide test, the number of correct deletions was subtracted from the numbers of incorrect deletions. For many cases, this resulted in a negative score as for these cases the number of wrong deletions was greater than the number of correct deletions. For such cases, their negative scores were converted to zero. The Cronbach’s alpha reliability of the speeded cloze-elide test, multiple-choice cloze test, the C-Test, and the reading comprehension test was .94, .78, .94, and .70, respectively. To compute the reliability of the C-Test and the cloze-elide test each passage was considered an item (Eckes & Baghaei, 2015).