b)

Figure 5. Patterns of change in mine impact vary over time and among ecosystem service and biodiversity metrics. Panel a shows the footprint of the Greenbushes, Australia lithium mine mapped from satellite imagery across three time periods (2016, 2019, and 2023). Panel b shows the change in mine impact over time relative to 2016 in terms of total impact, impact per tonne lithium produced, and impact per km2 of mine footprint. Values for impacts to coastal risk reduction and Key Biodiversity Areas (KBAs) are zero across all years, and so these metrics are not shown.

a)