Figure 4: Effect of PKD1 on apoptosis in the random-pattern skin flaps . (A) IHC staining of CASP3 expression in the flap in the studied groups (original magnification: 200×; scale bar: 50 µm). (B) The optical density value of CASP3 in each group. (C) Western blotting analysis of Bax, CYC, and CASP3 expressions in the studied groups, with GAPDH as an internal control. (D) CASP3, CYC, and Bax optical density values in each group. *p< 0.05 and **p< 0.01, vs control group. Mean ± SEM was used for data presentation, n = 6 per group.