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\begin{document}

\title{Face and content validity assessment of a novel post-thyroidectomy
haematoma simulation model}



\author[1]{Dora Amos}%
\author[2]{Issa Beegun}%
\author[1]{Neil Tolley}%
\affil[1]{Imperial College London}%
\affil[2]{London North West University Healthcare NHS Trust}%


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  \date{June 13, 2024}


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\begin{abstract}
Abstract Objectives The objective of this paper is to describe a novel
post-thyroidectomy haematoma simulator and present data on its face and
content validity and curriculum applicability. Methods A simple
simulation model of a post-thyroidectomy haematoma was made using a
C-spine collar, silicone sheets and thickened jelly. The model was worn
by a simulated patient in a hybrid simulation. A prospective evaluation
study was performed. Medical, nursing and theatre staff were recruited
to complete a simulation using the model. All participants completed a
16-item questionnaire using a 5-point Likert scale to assess the
following: face validity (FV), content validity (CV), task-specific
validity (TV) and curriculum applicability. Non-parametric statistics
were used. Results 74 participants completed the questionnaire. The
model achieved median face validity of 4 (interquartile range (IQR):
4-5), median content validity of 4 (IQR: 4-5) and median task-specific
validity of 5 (IQR: 4-5). In 14 out of 16 domains, participants gave a
score of 4 or 5 (agreed or strongly agreed) more than 80\% of the time.
The median score for curriculum applicability was 5 (IQR: 4-5).
Conclusions This home-made simulator for post-thyroidectomy haematoma
evacuation achieved face and content validity. It is an accessible,
cheap and potentially life-saving training tool. This model may be
useful for multidisciplinary simulation-based training in the light of
the recent DAS, BAETS and ENT UK consensus guidelines on managing
post-thyroidectomy haematoma. Keywords: Simulation, post-thyroidectomy
haematoma, hybrid simulation, face validity, content validity Key
points: 1. Post-thyroidectomy haematoma is a rarely encountered and
potentially fatal complication of thyroid surgery. 2. No simulation
models for this condition have previously been validated. 3. We
developed a simple, home-made, cost-effective hybrid simulation model.
4. The model was tested at three separate training events for ENT
registrars and the multidisciplinary team. Data was collected using
Likert-scale questionnaires. 5. The model achieved good face and content
validity.%
\end{abstract}%



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