3.3 The effects of β-damascone on the activation of DCs via other TLRs
The effects of β-damascone on the activation of DCs caused by stimulants other than LPS were examined by using polyI:C, R-848, and CpG. Quantification of mRNA levels (Figure 3A-3C ) and determination of protein concentrations (Figure 3D-3F ) revealed that the transactivation and subsequent protein production of IL-6, IL-12p40, TNF-α, and IL-23p19 in BMDCs, which were induced by stimulation via TLR3, TLR7/8, or TLR9, were significantly suppressed by β-damascone. These results suggest that β-damascone exhibited suppressive effects against various TLR ligand-induced activation of DCs.