RCTs: randomized clinical trials, FTY720:fingolimod, ST: standardized treatment, ①the proportion of patients whose MRS score was 0,1 at day 90, ②the change of NIHSS scores over 24 hours,③the change of NIHSS scores at day 7, ④ the change of NIHSS scores at day 90, ⑤relative infarct lesion growth over 24 hours, ⑥relative infarct lesion growth at day 7
Figure 2 shows the risk of bias assessment of the five randomized trials; two trials described adequate methods of random sequence generation, one trial described allocation concealment. In four trials, the participants were blinded. The rate of the dropout was low in all trials. None of these studies had incomplete outcome data or selective outcome reporting. All five studies had no other bias.