Literature search
This search was restricted only to articles published in English and Chinese language. We searched for publications on the PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Clinical trials, CNKI, Wanfang Data, VIP, CBM up to August 2021. We did keyword, and Medical Subject Heading (MeSH) searches for our theme, and MeSH terms, keywords, and their synonyms related to ”Fingolimod hydrochloride” and ”Cerebrovascular Disorders.” A flowchart of the search strategy is shown in Fig. 1. One of us used a standardized form of data extraction to extract data; another person checked it, and revisited the data that did not match, and resolved the differences through discussion and consensus.