Inclusion and exclusion criteria for the literature
Studies were included if they fulfilled the following criteria: ⑴Published English and Chinese randomized controlled trial in various journals regardless of whether the blind method was used or not; ⑵>18 years of age; ⑶acute onset of focal neurological deficit consistent with acute ischemic stroke; ⑷fingolimod was given 0.5 mg of the drug orally once daily, for 3 consecutive days plus standardized treatment in the test group, standardized treatment was given in control group (standard treatment adhered to current American Heart Association guidelines including the intravenous administration of tPA, intravascular therapy, antiplatelet drugs and so on). Exclusion criterion: ⑴Case reports and studies that included fewer than 2 patients, review, meta-analysis; (2)studies from which no data are provided or data are otherwise not extractable; (3)preexisting neurologic disability (a score greater than 2 on the MRS); (4)for studies published in more than one report, the most comprehensive and up-to-date version will be used.