Conclusions
The current work deals with blood flow through an elbow artery treated as a porous medium. The study has been confirmed and compared with the other case studies outcomes. To examine the feedback of the action of blood flow in vessels, which has been tackled by varying the Reynolds number, the porosity of the vessel and permeability. The numerical simulations could be used as an indicator of how the blood flow velocity influenced in a bend vessel. In addition, the assumed penalty values such as different diameters used in the analysis discussed above can be more accurately estimated or calibrated by this study. Finally, the effect of the bend vessel on the blood flow has been examined. It is observed that the magnitude of velocity profile is change along the locations of the vessel. The numerical results also have a good agreement with other reference cases. This study also demonstrates that the hydrodynamic of velocity in a bend vessel can also be easily modelled using the developed numerical procedures.