Statistical analysis
Statistical analysis was performed using R version 4.1.0. Demographic
data are presented as frequency with percentage, means and standard
deviations (SD) or medians and interquartile ranges (IQR) as
appropriate. Categorical data were compared using the Chi-square test or
Fisher’s exact test, as appropriate. Student’s t-test or the
Mann-Whitney U test were used for comparison of continuous data between
patients who had or did not have AKI, as appropriate. Multivariate
logistic regression was used to identify factors independently
associated with AKI. Survival probabilities were calculated using the
Kaplan-Meier method and plotted to compare the groups. Statistical tests
were considered significant at a P value < 0.05.