Statistical analysis
Statistical analysis was performed using R version 4.1.0. Demographic data are presented as frequency with percentage, means and standard deviations (SD) or medians and interquartile ranges (IQR) as appropriate. Categorical data were compared using the Chi-square test or Fisher’s exact test, as appropriate. Student’s t-test or the Mann-Whitney U test were used for comparison of continuous data between patients who had or did not have AKI, as appropriate. Multivariate logistic regression was used to identify factors independently associated with AKI. Survival probabilities were calculated using the Kaplan-Meier method and plotted to compare the groups. Statistical tests were considered significant at a P value < 0.05.