GPS tracking/bio-logging |
GPS-GSM neck collars |
Ursus arctos |
Behaviour |
range of movement, diel activity, habitat selection |
(Hertel et al. 2019) |
|
GPS collars with
integrated 3D accelerometer sensors + vaginal implant transmitters +
machine learning techniques
|
Ovibos moschatus
|
Behaviour + morphological and life
history traits
|
movements, energy allocation patterns, parturition events and body
temperature
|
(Chimienti et al. 2021)
|
|
GPS-GSM tags |
Halichoerus grypus |
Behaviour |
Horizontal
movement and diving behaviours |
(Carter et al.
2017) |
|
GPS-UHF biologgers |
Falco naumanni |
Behaviour |
Movement
speed, distance, and duration. |
(Lopez-Ricaurte et al.
2021) |
Radio-telemetry |
Radio transmitters |
Lucanus cervus |
Behaviour |
Dispersal ability and space use |
(Tini et al.
2018) |
Passive acoustic monitoring |
Hydrophones + Click Detector modules |
Physeter macrocephalus |
Behaviour |
Seasonal occupancy, diel
activity, |
(Miller & Miller 2018) |
|
Microphones + Spatially Explicit Capture–Recapture models |
Arthroleptella lightfooti. |
Abundance |
Population estimates
(density) |
(Measey et al. 2017) |
Camera traps |
Motion-sensor camera Trap + deep neural network learning |
Multiple species |
Behaviour + abundance |
Identification of species,
counts, behaviours |
(Norouzzadeh et al. 2018) |
Drones |
Aerial photographs |
Megaptera novaeangliae |
Morphological traits |
Body condition (photogrammetric measurements) |
(Christiansen et al. 2016) |
|
Aerial photographs
|
Hydrurga leptonyx
|
Morphological traits
|
Mass and body condition (photogrammetric
measurements).
|
(Krause et al. 2017)
|
|
Aerial photographs |
Sterna hirundo |
Abundance |
Population
estimates (n individuals) |
(Chabot et al. 2015) |
Satellite imagery |
GeoEye-1 satellite images + artificial neural
network |
Multiple species |
Abundance |
Population estimates (n
individuals) |
(Yang et al. 2014) |