Thrombin:
Vasospasm may be caused in part by thrombin, according to some research
(Zhang et al., 2001). Serine protease thrombin helps the coagulation
process by degrading fibrinogen and generating fibrin. Before,
Argatroban was discovered to improve neurological outcomes by reducing
BBB rupture and brain edema, as well as having anti-cell death and
anti-inflammatory effects that correspond to early brain injury after
SAH (Sugawara, Jadhav, Ayer, Chen, Suzuki & Zhang, 2009). The discovery
that thrombin has a role in a wide range of CNS pathologies suggests a
therapeutic breakthrough (Krenzlin, Lorenz, Danckwardt, Kempski &
Alessandri, 2016). Evidence from both in vivo and in vitro experiments
showed that high levels of thrombin in the brain parenchyma can be
harmful (Buisson, Nicole, Docagne, Sartelet, Mackenzie & Vivien, 1998;
Jiang, Wu, Keep, Hua, Hoff & Xi, 2002; Lee, Drury, Vitarbo & Hoff,
1997; Vu, Hung, Wheaton & Coughlin, 1991; Xi, Keep, Hua, Xiang & Hoff,
1999). Thrombin, which also leads to ischemic brain injury, causes early
brain edema after intracerebral hemorrhage (Lee, Drury, Vitarbo & Hoff,
1997; Vu, Hung, Wheaton & Coughlin, 1991). As a result, the role of
thrombin activation in the pathophysiology of SAH is yet unknown.