Figure 6. The role of affinity factors like vaccine and
recurrence on the effect of SARS-CoV-2.
The present work provides a quantum mechanical approach to variations in
the Covid-19 effect. Any person who shows a different path of variation
in the Covid-19 effect has either got another underlying disease that is
not diagnosed yet or has another affinity factor that is yet to be
detected. It is also worth noting that we have not looked into the
effect of a time interval between two attacks in the event of multiple
SARS-CoV-2 attacks. In the present work, we have used time-independent
quantum perturbation theory. To account for the time interval between
two attacks, time-dependent quantum perturbation theory must be
considered.
Another important fact and information this model provides is an
approach to underlying disease, which is either not detected, or ignored
during Covid-19 patients’ studies. Assume that a patient reports one
pre-existing disease when affected by Covid-19 then the first-order
energy perturbation term should be applied to the patient. If it is
found that the effect of Covid-19 is severe than this model predicts
then that indicates that the patient has a second underlying disease as
well which is either unreported or ignored. Therefore, the quantum
perturbation model of Covid-19 can also predict a hidden underlying
disease, which can affect the body’s immunity to Covid-19.
CONCLUSION
To enter human cells, SARS-CoV-2 uses the angiotensin-converting enzyme
2 (ACE2) receptor. The virus replicates inside the cell by releasing its
single-strand RNA genome into the cytoplasmic compartment. B cells
initiate an early response by generating anti-SARS-CoV-2 specific IgA,
IgG, and IgM antibodies. The specificity of these antibodies increases
with reinfection, immunization, and exposure to new variants. The
antibody maturation cycle is repeated indefinitely, with each cycle
producing new and higher affinity antibodies. When a larger number of
people are re-infected or vaccinated and survive, herd immunity
develops. Age and pre-existing conditions have an impact on this
process as well. Being a new pandemic with very little understood, It is
very important to put it in a standard model based on universal ideas
and scope. Quantum Perturbation Theory is used in the present work to
successfully model the effect of SARS-CoV-2 and its variation as a
function of various factors. Images of Covid-19 patients at various
stages are included. The Quantum Modelling provides a strong base and
interprets mathematically why the effect of Covid-19 does not change
linearly and follows exponential variation with each factor developing
affinity against the virus. The Quantum Model will open a unique way of
understanding the effect, prevention, and control of pandemic diseases.
Acknowledgment: We are very thankful to Dr. Muhammad Kamal, In
Charge Medical Officer, General Hospital, Rustam, Mardan, Pakistan, for
providing lungs images of healthy adults and Covid-19 patients he
treated in his hospital.
Conflict of Interest Statement: All authors declare no conflict
of interest.
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