References
1. Understanding the Epidemic | Drug Overdose | CDC
Injury Center [Internet]. 2021 [cited 2021 Apr 12]. Available
from: https://www.cdc.gov/drugoverdose/epidemic/index.html
2. Wilson N. Drug and Opioid-Involved Overdose Deaths — United States,
2017–2018. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep [Internet]. 2020 [cited 2021
Apr 12];69. Available from:
https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/69/wr/mm6911a4.htm
3. Oderda GM, Lake J, Rüdell K, Roland CL, Masters ET. Economic Burden
of Prescription Opioid Misuse and Abuse: A Systematic Review. J Pain
Palliat Care Pharmacother. 2015 Oct 2;29(4):388–400.
4. Lipari RN. Key Substance Use and Mental Health Indicators in the
United States: Results from the 2019 National Survey on Drug Use and
Health. 2019;114.
5. Brat GA, Agniel D, Beam A, Yorkgitis B, Bicket M, Homer M, et al.
Postsurgical prescriptions for opioid naive patients and association
with overdose and misuse: retrospective cohort study. BMJ. 2018 Jan
17;360:j5790.
6. Brummett CM, Waljee JF, Goesling J, Moser S, Lin P, Englesbe MJ, et
al. New Persistent Opioid Use After Minor and Major Surgical Procedures
in US Adults. JAMA Surg. 2017 Jun 21;152(6):e170504.
7. Shah A. Characteristics of Initial Prescription Episodes and
Likelihood of Long-Term Opioid Use — United States, 2006–2015. MMWR
Morb Mortal Wkly Rep [Internet]. 2017 [cited 2019 Sep 19];66.
Available from: https://www.facebook.com/CDCMMWR
8. Schwartz MA, Naples JG, Kuo C-L, Falcone TE. Opioid Prescribing
Patterns among Otolaryngologists. Otolaryngol Neck Surg. 2018
May;158(5):854–9.
9. Rodgers J, Cunningham K, Fitzgerald K, Finnerty E. Opioid consumption
following outpatient upper extremity surgery. J Hand Surg. 2012
Apr;37(4):645–50.
10. Patel S, Sturm A, Bobian M, Svider PF, Zuliani G, Kridel R. Opioid
Use by Patients After Rhinoplasty. JAMA Facial Plast Surg. 2018 Jan
1;20(1):24–30.
11. Hill MV, McMahon ML, Stucke RS, Barth RJ. Wide Variation and
Excessive Dosage of Opioid Prescriptions for Common General Surgical
Procedures. Ann Surg. 2017;265(4):709–14.
12. Bartels K, Mayes LM, Dingmann C, Bullard KJ, Hopfer CJ, Binswanger
IA. Opioid Use and Storage Patterns by Patients after Hospital Discharge
following Surgery. PloS One. 2016;11(1):e0147972.
13. Bicket MC, Long JJ, Pronovost PJ, Alexander GC, Wu CL. Prescription
Opioid Analgesics Commonly Unused After Surgery: A Systematic Review.
JAMA Surg. 2017 Nov 1;152(11):1066–71.
14. Chou R, Gordon DB, de Leon-Casasola OA, Rosenberg JM, Bickler S,
Brennan T, et al. Management of Postoperative Pain: A Clinical Practice
Guideline From the American Pain Society, the American Society of
Regional Anesthesia and Pain Medicine, and the American Society of
Anesthesiologists’ Committee on Regional Anesthesia, Executive
Committee, and Administrative Council. J Pain. 2016 Feb 1;17(2):131–57.
15. Anne S, Mims J “Whit,” Tunkel DE, Rosenfeld RM, Boisoneau DS,
Brenner MJ, et al. Clinical Practice Guideline: Opioid Prescribing for
Analgesia After Common Otolaryngology Operations. Otolaryngol Neck Surg.
2021 Apr 1;164(2_suppl):S1–42.
16. Cramer JD, Barnett ML, Anne S, Bateman BT, Rosenfeld RM, Tunkel DE,
et al. Nonopioid, Multimodal Analgesia as First-line Therapy After
Otolaryngology Operations: Primer on Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory
Drugs (NSAIDs). Otolaryngol Neck Surg. 2021 Apr 1;164(4):712–9.
17. Tolska HK, Hamunen K, Takala A, Kontinen VK. Systematic review of
analgesics and dexamethasone for post-tonsillectomy pain in adults. Br J
Anaesth. 2019 Aug 1;123(2):e397–411.
18. Salonen A, Kokki H, Nuutinen J. Recovery After Tonsillectomy in
Adults: A Three‐Week Follow‐up Study. The Laryngoscope. 2002 Jan
1;112(1):94–8.
19. Møiniche S, Rømsing J, Dahl JB, Tramèr MR. Nonsteroidal
Antiinflammatory Drugs and the Risk of Operative Site Bleeding After
Tonsillectomy: A Quantitative Systematic Review. Anesth Analg. 2003
Jan;96(1):68.
20. Krishna S, Hughes LF, Lin SY. Postoperative hemorrhage with
nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug use after tonsillectomy: a
meta-analysis. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2003
Oct;129(10):1086–9.
21. Stokes W, Swanson RT, Schubart J, Carr MM. Postoperative Bleeding
Associated with Ibuprofen Use after Tonsillectomy: A Meta-analysis.
Otolaryngol Neck Surg. 2019 Nov 1;161(5):734–41.
22. Riggin L, Ramakrishna J, Sommer DD, Koren G. A 2013 updated
systematic review & meta‐analysis of 36 randomized controlled trials;
no apparent effects of non steroidal anti‐inflammatory agents on the
risk of bleeding after tonsillectomy. Clin Otolaryngol. 2013 Apr
1;38(2):115–29.
23. Cramer JD, Wisler B, Gouveia CJ. Opioid Stewardship in
Otolaryngology: State of the Art Review. Otolaryngol–Head Neck Surg
Off J Am Acad Otolaryngol-Head Neck Surg. 2018 May;158(5):817–27.
24. Rubin S, Wulu JA, Edwards HA, Dolan RW, Brams DM, Yarlagadda BB. The
Impact of MassPAT on Opioid Prescribing Patterns for Otolaryngology
Surgeries. Otolaryngol Neck Surg. 2021 Apr 1;164(4):781–7.
25. Banik GL, Kraimer KL, Shindo ML. Opioid Prescribing in Patients
Undergoing Neck Dissections With Short Hospitalizations. Otolaryngol
Neck Surg. 2021 Apr 1;164(4):792–8.