Measures of treatment effect:
For dichotomous outcomes, we calculated a pooled estimate of the
treatment effect for each outcome across trials as Risk Ratio (RR) with
95% confidence intervals (CIs). For continuous data, we calculated a
pooled estimate of treatment effect by calculating the mean difference
(MD) and standard deviation (SD) with corresponding 95% CIs. We used
Review Manager software (Revman 5) to calculate the measures of
treatment effect.