Figure 7. Forest plot of coefficient of variation for blood tacrolimus levels. Mean Difference (MD) with 95% confidence interval (CI) between eHealth intervention group and control groups.
The proportion of patients obtaining normal tacrolimus trough variability
Fleming et al.’s 12-month randomized controlled trial of 136 kidney transplant patients showed that more patients in the pharmacist-led mHealth-based intervention group achieved a tacrolimus coefficient of variation of less than 30% compared to the control group(P=0.0133). McGillicuddy et al. (20 ) also found improvement in the proportion of patients achieving a clinical goal of a tacrolimus intrapatient variability of <40% (80% vs 70%, P = 0.001) in the intervention group as compared to the control group.