Figure 4. Forest plot of adherence rate by electronic equipment. Risk Ratio (RR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) between eHealth intervention group and control groups.
Adherence rate assessed by questionnairesFour RCTs(19 , 21 , 24 , 26 ) used the Basel Assessment of Adherence to Immunosuppressive Medications Scale (BAASIS) to assess medication compliance. Sets of analyzable data from 2 RCTs (21 , 24 ) with 261 participants in the meta-analysis. We used the fixed-effects model because of low heterogeneity among these studies (I²=32%, p=0.23). Results of this meta-analysis found no significant group difference on medication adherence with the pooled MD=1.03 (95%CI: 0.88 to 1.21, p=0.72)(Figure 5). Low et al. (26 ) did not give specific adherence rates, but instead presented the results in the form of a picture, they suggested the percentage of adherent participants decreased significantly between baseline and 3 to 12 months in the control group (p< 0.001) whilst the percentage of adherent participants in the eHealth intervention group remained constant over time. McGillicuddy et al. (19 ) was not included in the analysis because the study used a self-designed medication compliance scores (the correct number of doses is combined with the prescribed time).