First authors, Years, Country
|
Age (years) M ± SD median (IQR/range)
(I/C)
|
Sample size (I/C)
|
Intervention (duration)
|
Control
|
Fellow-up time (months)
|
Outcome
(measures)
|
Han,
2019,
Korea
|
45(35-54)/43(30-52)
|
70/66
|
Mobile application for medication management (6 months)
|
Education on the importance of adherence
|
6
|
Medication adherence—
BAASIS
Medication adherence—
electronic monitoring medication
3.Kidney function—eGFR
|
McGillicuddy,
2013,
USA
|
42.44/57.6
|
9/10
|
Mobile phone-based medication monitoring (3 months)
|
Education related to post- transplantation medical care
|
3
|
Medication adherence— Russell et
al.’s adherence score
Patient satisfaction
|
Reese,
2017,
USA
|
I1: 50 ± 12
I2: 50 ± 11
C: 49 ± 11
|
40/39/38
|
Automated medication reminders with wireless pill bottle and physician
notification (6 months)
|
Wireless pill bottle that provided no alerts
|
6
|
Medication adherence—
BAASIS
Medication adherence—
wireless pill bottle openings
3.Tac level
4.CVs for Tac level
5.The proportion of patients obtaining normal tacrolimus trough
variability
|
Henriksson,
2016,
Sweden
|
44.3(9-68)/
45.0(2-69)
|
40:40
|
Electronic medication dispenser (12 months)
|
Standard care
|
12
|
Medication adherence—
electronic medication dispenser
Tac level
Rejection
Kidney function—creatinine
Cost-Effectiveness
|
McGillicuddy,
2020,
USA
|
52.1 ± 11.3/
51.5 ± 12.5
|
40/40
|
An electronic medication
tray with reminder capabilities enabled, a Bluetoothenabled BP monitor,
and the SMASK (Smartphone Medication Adherence Saves Kidneys) smartphone
app. (6 months)
|
An electronic
medication tray that provided no alerts
and received text messages with healthy lifestyle tips
|
12
|
Medication adherence—the electronic Vaica medication trays
The proportion of patients
obtaining normal tacrolimus trough variability
|
Jung,
2020,
Korea
|
49.9±10.0/
49.0±12.2
|
51/54
|
Information and communication technology (ICT)-based centralized
monitoring system. (6 months)
|
The ambulatory follow-up group
|
6
|
1.Tac level
2.CVs for Tac level
3.Patient satisfaction
4.Kidney function—eGFR
|
Schmid,
2017,
German
|
46(18-59)/
51(19-66)
|
23/23
|
Telemedically supported case management
(12 months)
|
Standard aftercare
|
12
|
1.Composite adherence percentage: Collateral reports
(physicians, nurses) and the target tacrolimus trough levels
2.Acute rejection
3.Cost-Effectiveness
|
Low,
2019, Australia
|
53.6 (11.3)/
48.4 (11.1)
|
29/31
|
A face-to-face meeting (a medication review and
a consumer-centred video) and health
coaching every two weeks, and
medication event monitoring system
(3 months)
|
Standard aftercare and
medication event monitoring system
|
12
|
Medication adherence—
BAASIS
2.Medication adherence—
medication event monitoring system
|
Fleming,
2021,
USA
|
50.2(12.3)/
51.2 (13.7)
|
68/68
|
mHealth app, clinical pharmacist–led supplemental medication therapy
monitoring and management. (12 months)
|
Standard aftercare
|
12
|
The proportion of patients obtaining normal tacrolimus trough
variability
Patient satisfaction
|