Immunosuppressive Therapy Adherence as Assessed by Adherence Rate
Adherence rate assessed by electronic equipmentA total of 6 RCTs (20 , 21 , 24 -27 ) reported immunosuppressant adherence rate, and we were able to extract 3 sets of analyzable data from 5 RCTs with 344 participants in the meta-analysis. The random-effects model was used in this analysis owing to the moderate heterogeneity (I²=53%, p=0.09). Results from the meta-analysis showed that participants in the eHealth intervention groups showed significantly increased adherence rate as compared with those in the routine intervention groups with a pooled RR = 1.46 (95%CI: 1.11 to 1.90, p=0.006)(Figure 4). We did not include Henriksson et al. (27 ) because it only reported compliance rates (97.8%) in the intervention group, without an electronic medication dispener to record medication in control group. Low et al. (26 ) did not give specific adherence rates, but instead presented the results in the form of a picture, they found no difference between the eHealth intervention and control groups. The study of Schmid et al. (25 ) was not included in this analysis as a comprehensive adherence rate (combination of tacrolimus trough levels, collateral reports, and self-reported adherence rates) was used for analysis in that study.