Conclusion
It has long been postulated whether there were underlying differences in causes of stillbirths in different ethnic groups, as disparities in stillbirth rates and perinatal outcomes continue to persist in many high-income nations. Understanding the ethnic variation in stillbirth rate and causes is crucial to bringing us a step closer to achieving the WHO’s Every Newborn initiative. Results from this review suggest that while no obvious differences are apparent in causes of stillbirths in those ethnicities with sufficient data, important gaps in our knowledge persist. Future studies in high-income countries should aim to investigate causes of stillbirth in minority ethnic groups poorly represented in this review by using high quality placental histology and foetal autopsy data. To enable global comparisons, monitor trends, and clearly ascertain underlying causes, a widely accepted tool such as the ICD-PM that can capture more detailed information in data-rich settings should be used. Comprehensive testing across diverse settings and in as many ethnic groups as possible will enable focussed used of healthcare resources and corresponding policy changes.