Patient inclusion
This was a retrospective study conducted at the Maria Vittoria Hospital in Turin, Italy, during the pandemic of COVID-19 and was approved by the institutional review board. Informed written consent to sedation and ablation was obtained from all patients.
All consecutive patients with paroxysmal or persistent AF who underwent catheter ablation between January 1st, 2020 and December 31st, 2020, either at their first or second ablation procedure, were considered eligible for the study and were included in the analysis; there was no exclusion criteria for enrollment other than guideline-directed clinical contraindication to catheter ablation.2