Figure 5 : Map of random
transect in grassland habitat
Whenever an individual or group of mammals were observed, group size,
sighting distance as the distance from each line transect to the
geometric center of the groups or individual, and the sighting angle
between the transect line and individual or group were recorded on the
datasheet. The perpendicular distance from the transect line to the
animal was calculated. The same transect was used to carry out a census
during the investigation period. When the animals were observed,
vegetation or other obstacles might hinder clear visibility. Then the
observer silently approached them by leaving the transect route;
however, the sighting distance was measured from the centerline to the
animals. Double recording of the same individual or group in a single
visit was avoided to the extent possible using easily recognizable
features of the individual or group size and composition.
For the purpose of this study, the large mammals were defined as all
mammals focus on herbivores and primates with an average weight of ≥2 kg
and were detected with direct observation. Identification and recording
numbers of huge mammalian species were made through direct observation
with naked eyes and/or aided with binocular (7 x 50 mm imaging). Kingdon
and Largen’s (2003) field guidebook was used for the identification of
mammals. Field identification of diurnal mammalian species was done
based on visible morphological characters. To have clear pictures of
each mammal the observer noise was minimized to zero levels. The
location point of each mammalian species whether group or individual in
the field at each vegetation type was also identified and recorded using
GPS to map their distribution.
In order to understand the views of the local people in relation to the
wildlife resource of the park, a focus group interview was undertaken
with the experts, representatives of the local communities, and park
scouts who are working in and living around the park.