Techniques used to diagnose BDs
Table 5 shows the techniques that were used to diagnose BDs. For BDs as
a whole, 73.45% were diagnosed using ultrasonography, 30.02% were
diagnosed using clinical tests, and 4.86% were diagnosed using
chromosomal testing. Ultrasonography was the technique that was most
commonly used for the identification of congenital heart defects
(93.00%), congenital hydrocephalus (94.11%), cleft lip with cleft
palate (86.50%), cleft lip without cleft palate (72.54%), limb
reduction defects (70.93%), congenital diaphragmatic hernia (85.93%),
and congenital malformation of the urinary system (93.32%). Clinical
testing was the technique that was most commonly used for congenital
talipes equinovarus (56.04%), and chromosomal testing was the technique
that was most commonly used to diagnose trisomy 21 syndrome (85.06%)
and other chromosomal malformations (79.88%).