1. Introduction
Hypertension and T2D has become a global public health concern in the
21st century.Both diseases lead to severe complications such
as
chronic kidney
diseases[1]and
cardiovascular[2],which increase the risk of death
over a long period of time. Both of them related to lifestyles such as
physical exercise[3],alcohol
consumption[4] , and
dietary
habits[5,6]. Studies have found that about 50% of
T2D patients have hypertension, and 20% of hypertensive patients have
T2D[7]. Hypertension coexists with T2D, which
increases the risk of cardiovascular-related events and makes BP
management more complicated and difficult[8].
Drug use alone makes BP control hard
to achieve, so lifestyle intervention (such as dietary intervention and
exercise) is more needed.
The DASH diet was proposed by National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute
(NHLBI) in 1977 to control the BP of hypertensive patients. The DASH
eating plan encourages the
consumption of potassium-rich vegetables and fruits, including whole
grains, poultry, fish, and nuts, and reduces sodium and saturated fat
intake[9]. There is strong evidence that the DASH
dietary pattern can lower BP[10,11], including
patients with T2D and hypertension[12,13].However,
as the DASH diet was designed for white ethnicity, it is difficult for
Chinese people to follow the original DASH diet. In addition, Chinese
people generally prefer salty foods.It is estimated that
Chinese people consume an average of
12g of salt per day[14],but DASH diet requires a
daily consumption of 2300 mg of
sodium (equivalent to 5.8 g of
sodium chloride) or less[10], which also makes it
difficult for the DASH diet to be used in Chinese population. Among many
salt reduction strategies, consuming low-sodium salt is a feasible and
low-cost method. Numerous studies have shown that low-sodium salt can
lower BP by reducing sodium and adding
potassium[15,16],but it has not been used in the
DASH diet so far.
Therefore, in this randomized controlled trial, we developed a modified
DASH diet for the use of Chinese people, and we want to know the
hypotensive effect of 52% low-sodium salt applied to CM-DASH diet in
patients with hypertension and T2D.