Land cover composition data
The availability of crop pollinators strongly depends on landscape
quality (Kennedy et al. 2013; Dainese et al. 2019). We
therefore calculated the proportion of forest and (semi-)natural
habitats combined in a 1km radius buffer zone for each sampling site.
For the UK, data were extracted from the Land Cover Map for 2015
(LCM2015; 25m resolution raster) (CEH Data Licence Agreement – 1338).
For the Netherlands, we merged data from the BRP shapefiles 2015 and
2016
(https://www.pdok.nl/introductie/-/article/basisregistratie-gewaspercelen-brp-)
and the BBG (Bestand Bodemgebruik ) shapefile 2015
(https://www.pdok.nl/introductie/-/article/cbs-bestand-bodemgebruik)
obtained from the RVO (https://english.rvo.nl) and Statistics
Netherlands (CBS, https://www.cbs.nl/en-gb) respectively for an optimal
coverage (especially for not improved grasslands). These habitats
included the proportion of forest areas and natural areas (including
natural grasslands), but excluded agricultural improved grasslands and
pastures due to their generally intensive management strategy and low
habitat quality for pollinators (Ekroos et al. 2020).