No symptom Any symptom P value* SMD
Number 349 108
Age 48 [39-55] 47 [40-54] 0.724 0.001
Male 188 (53.9) 38 (35.2) 0.001 < 0.383
BMI 23.2 [21.1-25.6] 23.4 [20.9-26.9] 0.453 0.163
Smoking 130 (37.2) 38 (35.5) 0.819 0.036
Drinking 290 (83.1) 86 (79.6) 0.471 0.089
Hypertension 52 (14.9) 14 (13.0) 0.754 0.056
Diabetes 23 (6.6) 5 (4.6) 0.646 0.085
COPD 3 (0.9) 0 (0.0) 1.0 < 0.132
Malignancy 6 (1.7) 0 (0.0) 0.343 0.187
Use of antivirals 62 (18.8) 22 (20.8) 0.672 0.049
Use of steroids 40 (12.8) 13 (13.3) 0.865 0.013
Severe disease 7 (2.1) 6 (5.6) 0.092 0.183
Oxygen support 44 (12.6) 13 (13.3) 0.870 0.027
VAS 85 [75-90] 70 [60-80] < 0.001 0.810
QOL 1.0 [1.0-1.0] 0.81 [0.77-1.0] < 0.001 0.845