Der p 1, Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus; Der f 1,Dermatophagoides farinae; EU, endotoxin unit, GM, geometric mean.Figure LegendsFigure 1. Flowchart of the selection of study participantsFigure 2. Associations among dust mite allergen, Der 1 [μg/m2], and incidence of asthma or wheezing using a logistic regression model adjusted for high levels of maternal total serum IgE, active smoking/passive smoking based on the urinary cotinine level in mid-pregnancy, passive smoke after birth, children’s sex, lower respiratory inflammation, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection, presence of indoor pets, and climatic regionFigure 3. Associations between endotoxin [EU/m2] and the incidence of asthma or wheezing using a logistic regression model adjusted for high levels of maternal total serum IgE, active smoking/passive smoking based on the urinary cotinine level in mid-pregnancy, passive smoke after birth, children’s sex, lower respiratory inflammation, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection, presence of indoor pets, and climatic regionFigure 4. Associations between dust mite allergen, Der 1 [μg/m2], or endotoxin [EU/m2] and high serum IgE levels in children aged 24 months old using a logistic regression model adjusted for high levels of maternal total serum IgE, active smoking/passive smoking based on the urinary cotinine level in mid-pregnancy, passive smoke after birth, children’s sex, lower respiratory inflammation, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection, presence of indoor pets, and climatic regionAppendices Members of the JECS Group as of 2021: Michihiro Kamijima (principal investigator, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Japan), Shin Yamazaki (National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba, Japan), Yukihiro Ohya (National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan), Reiko Kishi (Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan), Nobuo Yaegashi (Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan), Koichi Hashimoto (Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan), Chisato Mori (Chiba University, Chiba, Japan), Shuichi Ito (Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan), Zentaro Yamagata (University of Yamanashi, Chuo, Japan), Hidekuni Inadera (University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan), Takeo Nakayama (Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan), Hiroyasu Iso (Osaka University, Suita, Japan), Masayuki Shima (Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Japan), Youichi Kurozawa (Tottori University, Yonago, Japan), Narufumi Suganuma (Kochi University, Nankoku, Japan), Koichi Kusuhara (University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu, Japan), and Takahiko Katoh (Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan).