Steps 1 and 2: primary translation of the Justice Perception of
Performance Appraisal into Persian
At first, the questionnaire was translated from English to Persian by a
team of 4 experts in the field of management who were fluent in both
Persian and English languages, and then the four independent
translations were put into a single questionnaire in a joint meeting.
Afterward, a copy of the translated scale was sent to an English
language professor to be translated into English; moreover, to monitor
the compatibility of the translated scale with the original version, it
was sent to the developer so that he could share his valuable comments.
At this stage, the translation of the instrument was approved.