Maternal age(y) |
30.8±6.0 |
32.1±4.3 |
<0.0001 |
Maternal age ≥35 years, n (%) |
43 (14.3) |
35 (23.2) |
0.0184 |
Nulliparous, n (%) |
212 (70.9) |
112 (74.2) |
0.4658 |
Education, university degree and above, n (%) |
276 (91.4) |
136 (90.1) |
0.6728 |
ART, n (%) |
36(12.0) |
4(2.7) |
0.0010 |
Pre-pregnancy BMI (kg/m2), mean±SD |
21.6±2.8 |
22.0±3.0 |
0.3725 |
Pre-pregnancy BMI categories, n (%) |
Pre-pregnancy
BMI categories, n (%) |
Pre-pregnancy BMI categories, n (%) |
Pre-pregnancy BMI categories, n (%) |
Underweight (< 18.5 kg/m2)
|
31 (10.3)
|
9 (6.0)
|
0.0074
|
Normal weight (18.5-24.9 kg/m2)
|
237 (78.7)
|
112 (74.7)
|
|
Overweight and obese (≥ 25 kg/m2)
|
33 (11.0)
|
29 (19.3)
|
|
Gestational age at delivery (week), median (IQR) |
39 (38, 40) |
38 (37, 39) |
<0.0001 |
Mode of delivery |
Mode of delivery |
Mode of
delivery |
Mode of delivery |
Spontaneous labor
|
161(53.6)
|
28(18.5)
|
<0.0001
|
Caserean section
|
139(46.3)
|
123 (81.5)
|
|
Multiple pregnancy |
9(2.7) |
10(6.6) |
0.0284 |
Pregnancy complications |
Pregnancy complications |
Pregnancy complications |
Pregnancy
complications |
GDM
|
30(10.0)
|
19(12.6)
|
0.3993
|
PIH
|
18(6.0)
|
27(17.9)
|
<0.0001
|
Hypothyroidism
|
11(3.7)
|
14(9.3)
|
0.0138
|
Preterm birth
|
15 (5.0)
|
26 (17.3)
|
<0.0001
|
Postpartum hemorrhage
|
15(5.0)
|
22(14.6)
|
0.0005
|
Ischemic placental diseases
|
36(12.0)
|
40(26.5)
|
<0.0001
|
Premature rupture of membranes
|
55 (18.3)
|
31 (20.5)
|
0.5646
|
Placenta previa
|
3 (1.0)
|
4 (2.7)
|
0.1801
|
Abruptio placentae
|
3 (1.0)
|
6 (4.0)
|
0.0328
|
Postpartum transfusion |
6(2.0) |
5(3.3) |
0.3916 |
Infant Gender (female) |
153 (50.8) |
87 (57.6) |
0.1732 |
Birth Weight (gm) (Mean±SD) |
3246±449 |
3168±663 |
<0.0001 |
SGA ≤10th |
19(6.3) |
10(6.6) |
0.8991 |
LGA ≥90th |
17(5.7) |
16(10.6) |
0.0568 |
Macrosomia (>4000 g) |
11(3.7) |
8(5.3) |
0.4120 |
Low birthweight (<2500 g) |
13(4.3) |
23(15.2) |
<0.0001 |
Very low birthweight (<2500 g) |
2(0.7) |
4(3.3) |
0.0824 |
Sentinel congenital anomalies |
7(2.3) |
6(4.0) |
0.3233 |
Hyperbilirubinemia |
32(10.6) |
24(15.9) |
0.1096 |
Respiratory distress syndrome |
5(1.7) |
10(6.6) |
0.0055 |