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\begin{document}

\title{Association Between Maternal Weight Gain in Different Periods of
Pregnancy and the Risk of Venous Thromboembolism: A Retrospective
Matched Case-Control Study}



\author[1]{Yuelin Wu}%
\author[1]{Lingling Dong}%
\author[2]{Zheying Zhou}%
\author[2]{Tianfan Zhou}%
\author[2]{Xiaobo Zhao}%
\author[2]{Jindan Pei}%
\author[2]{Ronghua Che}%
\author[2]{Zhimin Han}%
\author[3]{Xiaolin Hua}%
\affil[1]{Shanghai First Maternity and infant hospital, Shanghai Tongji University School of Medicine}%
\affil[2]{Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University}%
\affil[3]{Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Xinhua Hospital}%


\vspace{-1em}



  
  \date{June 10, 2024}


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\selectlanguage{english}
\begin{abstract}
Objective To explore the incidence of pregnancy-related VTE in China and
to assess the associations of maternal weight gain in different periods
of pregnancy with VTE. Design Retrospective case-control study. Setting
Shanghai, China Participants 151 cases (11.7 per 10000) of
pregnancy-related venous thromboembolism (VTE) and 302 controls. Methods
GWG was standardized into gestational age-specific z-scores stratified
by body mass index (BMI) and categorized as low (\textless{} -1), normal
(-1 to 1), and high (\textgreater{}1). The adjusted odds ratios (aORs)
and 95\% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated through log-binomial
regression models. Main outcome measures Pregnancy-related VTE Results
There were 65.6\% of pulmonary embolus (PE) and 34.4\% of deep venous
thrombosis (DVT) alone or combined with PE. Among normal-weight women,
there was observed protective effects of low weight gain (aOR 0.79; 95\%
CI 0.37--1.68) and significantly increased risks of high weight gain
(aOR=1.47; 95\% CI: 1.03-2.09) for PE in early pregnancy. Similarly, a
tendency towards decreased risk at lower weight gain throughout
pregnancy (aOR 0.79; 95\% CI 0.37--1.68) and significantly increased
risk at higher values (aOR=1.52; 95\% CI: 1.01-2.31) for PE was
observed. As for underweight and overweight women, results from the
categorical model for early, late or total pregnancy weight gain
indicated an increased risk in PE at both low and high weight gain, but
confidence intervals were wide. Conclusion Maternal weight gain in total
or early pregnancy is an important risk factor for PE. Intensive weight
management that continues through pregnancy may be indispensable to
effectively improve pregnant outcomes.%
\end{abstract}%



\sloppy


\textbf{Introduction}

Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism (PE) are collectively
referred to as venous thromboembolic disease (VTE). Although the rate of
maternal mortality has declined over the past few decades, PE remains an
important cause of maternal deaths\textsuperscript{{[}1,2{]}}. During
pregnancy, a women's risk of VTE is increased by 6 times, with reported
incidence ranging from 0.5 to 2.0 per 1000
deliveries\textsuperscript{{[}3,4{]}}. Approximately 75--80\% of cases
of pregnancy-associated VTE are caused by DVT, and 20--25\% of cases are
caused by PE\textsuperscript{{[}5{]}}. However, few studies have
examined trends in the incidence of pregnancy-related VTE in China.

Several studies have already identified risk factors for
pregnancy-related VTE, including advanced maternal age, greater body
mass index (BMI), cesarean delivery, preeclampsia, postpartum hemorrhage
and newborns with low birth weight\textsuperscript{{[}1,6-11{]}}. They
help care providers to target the use of thromboprophylaxis to women at
risk to maximize its benefit\textsuperscript{{[}12{]}}. However, few
studies have evaluated gestational weight gain (GWG) as a risk factor
for VTE\textsuperscript{{[}13{]}}. Although insufficient and excessive
maternal weight gain has been linked with increased risks of
VTE\textsuperscript{{[}13{]}}, they have often not accounted for the
effects of weight gain during certain periods of pregnancy. Furthermore,
the associations of specific periods of GWG with detailed PE and DVT has
not been reported. In addition, few studies have examined trends in the
incidence of pregnancy-related VTE in China, and these studies have
shown variable results\textsuperscript{{[}14,15{]}}.

For this retrospective case--control study of women, our objective was
to explore the incidence of pregnancy-related VTE in China, and evaluate
the association of maternal weight gain in different periods of
pregnancy with detailed pulmonary embolism (PE) and deep vein thrombosis
(DVT).

\textbf{Materials and Methods}

Study design

We performed a retrospective case--control study, using data on all
prenatal visit and discharges from Shanghai First Maternity and Infant
Hospital for the period of January 1\textsuperscript{st}, 2017 to July
31\textsuperscript{th}, 2021 to evaluate the effect of maternal weight
gain in different periods of pregnancy on VTE at any site. Written
informed consent was obtained from the participants. The data including
maternal demographical characteristics, reproductive history, as well as
clinical information related to this pregnancy were collected. This
study was approved by Ethics Committee of Shanghai First Maternity and
Infant Hospital (reference number: KS2057).

Study population

Women with a diagnosis of DVT or PE, which combined VTE in pregnancy or
in the first 6 postnatal weeks were identified by search for selected
ICD-9 or 10 codes in the Hospital Information System. 192 women were
registered with a diagnosis of VTE in 129443 pregnancies. We excluded 3
cases wrongly diagnosed with VTE in index and subsequent pregnancies, 3
cases with thrombotic events in association with miscarriage, induced
abortion, or ectopic pregnancy terminated before gestational week 28. In
addition, we excluded possible cases with a diagnosis of amniotic fluid
embolism (n=7). Further exclusions were applied to women who started
antenatal care after 18 week's gestation (n=2) and women with missing
data for pre-pregnancy, delivery weight and height information (n=26).
Finally, we excluded 3 cases with server heart/liver/kidney disease,
malignancy or history of VTE. The eligible case population comprised 151
women (Figure 1).

The Hospital Information System selected first two women without VTE in
pregnancy or the first 6 weeks following delivery, who gave birth at
Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital at the same time as the
case, as possible controls. If these women did not meet the criterions
above, we included the 3rd or 4th selection as controls. In total 302
controls were identified.

Weight measurements

Gestational age was estimated based on the date of last menstruation
period and confirmed by first trimester ultrasound date. Pre-pregnancy
weight (kg) was based on self-reporting, while weight at every prenatal
visit and at delivery was routinely measured to the nearest 0.1 kg using
the available electronic weighing device in the prenatal care clinics.
Height (cm) at the first prenatal visit was routinely measured to the
nearest 0.1 cm using the available electronic stadiometer in the
hospital. Pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI; kg/m\textsuperscript{2})
was calculated as pre-pregnancy weight (kg) divided by height
(m)\textsuperscript{2} and categorized as underweight (\textless{}18.5
kg/m\textsuperscript{2}), normal weight (18.5 to 24.9
kg/m\textsuperscript{2}), overweight (25.0 to 29.9
kg/m\textsuperscript{2}), and obese ([?] 30.0
kg/m\textsuperscript{2})\textsuperscript{{[}16{]}}. However, due to the
sporadic number of obese women, we analyze them together with overweight
women in this study.

We defined the following 3 gestational intervals: [?]14, 24 to 28,
\textgreater{}28 weeks. If a woman had more than 1 antenatal visit
within an interval, we took her last weight measurements for that
interval. GWG in early pregnancy was calculated as the antenatal weight
up to [?]14 weeks minus the pre-pregnancy weight; GWG in mid pregnancy was
calculated as the weight measured in 24 to 28 weeks' intervals minus the
last weight measured [?]14 week, and late pregnancy as last measurement of
weight prior to delivery minus the weight measured in 24 to 28 weeks'
intervals. Total GWG was calculated as last measurement of weight before
delivery minus pre-pregnancy weight. All GWG values were standardized
into z-scores by gestational age, stratified by BMI categories. The
means and standard deviations (SD) of GWGs in early, mid, late and whole
pregnancy were used to convert the GWG values into z-scores. All GWG
z-scores were first examined as continuous variables, and then
categorized as \textless{} -1.0 (below), -1.0 to +1.0 (average) and
\textgreater{} +1.0 (above) in data analyses.

Exposure and other variables

Maternal demographics and lifestyle characteristics included maternal
age ([?]35 years or no), parity (0 or no), education (university degree
and above or no), ART (intrauterine insemination (IUI); IUI with
ovulation induction but without in-vitro fertilization (IVF); IVF; IVF
with intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI); ovulation induction
without IVF and vaginal insemination), pre-pregnancy body mass index
(BMI) categories (underweight, normal, overweight/obese).

Maternal pregnancy characteristics and complications included
gestational age at delivery, delivery mode (vaginal delivery, either
spontaneous or by vacuum extraction or forceps, and cesarean section,
either planned or by emergency), multiple pregnancy, gestational
diabetes mellitus (GDM), pregnancy induced hypertension (PIH),
hypothyroidism, preterm birth (\textless{}37 week), postpartum
hemorrhage (\textgreater{}500 mL after vaginal delivery, blood loss
\textgreater{}1000 mL after cesarean delivery), premature rupture of
membranes, ischemic placental diseases (composite of preeclampsia,
intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR), placental abruption and
stillbirth), placenta previa, abruptio placentae and postpartum
transfusion.

Newborn characteristics included fetal sex, birthweight, small for
gestational age (SGA) [?]10\textsuperscript{th}, large for gestational age
(LGA) [?]90\textsuperscript{th} according to Chinese sex- and gestational
age-specific birth weight standards\textsuperscript{{[}17{]}},
macrosomia (\textgreater{}4000 g), low birthweight (\textless{}2500 g),
very low birthweight (\textless{}2500 g), sentinel congenital anomalies
(atrial septal defect, ventricular septal defect, esophageal fistula,
hypospadias), respiratory distress syndrome and hyperbilirubinemia
(\textgreater{}12 mg/dL).

Statistical analyses

Maternal demographic characteristics and clinical factors were compared
between venous thrombosis cases and control groups. Continuous variables
were described by mean with standard deviation (SD) or median with
interquartile range (IQR). Categorical variables were described by
frequencies (\%). Analysis of variance or Kruskal-Wallis H tests were
performed for continuous data, and chi-square tests or Fisher's exact
tests were performed for categorical data.

Multivariate log-binomial regression models were used to estimate the
adjusted odds ratios (aORs) and 95\% confidence intervals (CIs) for
separately PE alone, DVT (including DVT and concomitant PE) and all VTE
events across GWG in different periods of pregnancy. Regression model
were adjusted for only co-variables with p \textless{}0.2 (maternal age,
parity, ART, delivery mode, fetal number, birthweight, PIH, GDM and
postpartum hemorrhage). Interaction effects between GWG and other
covariates (parity, birthweight, maternal age and delivery mode) on
venous thrombosis were also tested.

All analyses were performed using the Statistical Analysis System (SAS)
for Windows, version 9.4 (SAS Institute, Cary, NC). P\textless{}0.05 was
considered statistically significant.

\textbf{Results}

Study population and characteristics

A total of 129443 women gave birth in Shanghai First Maternity and
Infant Hospital between January 1\textsuperscript{st}, 2017 and July
31\textsuperscript{th}, 2021 and 151 (11.7 per 10000) women experienced
VTE in pregnancy or in the first 6 postnatal weeks. Of these, 65.6\% (99
of 151) was PE alone and 34.4\% (52 of 151) was DVT alone or combined
with PE. 302 women who did not experience a VTE were selected as
control. The prevalence of known risk factors for VTE was significantly
higher in cases than controls (Table 1). In particular, cases were more
likely to be of advanced age (23.2\% versus 14.3\%), to be overweight or
obese (19.3\% versus 11.0\%), to have multiple birth (6.6\% versus
2.7\%), pregnancy-induced hypertension (PIH) (17.9\% versus 6.0\%),
hypothyroidism (9.3\% versus 3.7\%), preterm birth (17.3\% versus
5.0\%), postpartum hemorrhage (14.6\% versus 5.0\%), abruptio placentae
(4.0\% versus 1.0\%), ischemic placental diseases (26.5\% versus
12.0\%), delivery via cesarean delivery (81.5\% versus 46.3\%), newborns
with low birth weight (15.2\% versus 4.3\%) and respiratory distress
syndrome (6.6\% versus 1.7\%).

Total Weight gain during pregnancy

In normal-weight women, total GWG was 14.6\selectlanguage{ngerman}±4.7 kg for PE, 12.3±4.2 kg
for DVT, 13.9±4.7 kg for all VTE and 13.2±4.3 kg for control (Table S1),
and did significantly differ between PE and control group (adjusted
estimated mean difference combined 0.06 kg, 95\% CI 0.01-0.13 kg) (Table
2). A tendency towards decreased risk at lower total weight gain (aOR
0.85; 95\% CI 0.43--1.69) and significantly increased risk at higher
values (aOR=1.52; 95\% CI: 1.01-2.31) for PE was observed in
normal-weight women, whereas there was no clear association between
total weight gain and DVT or all VTE. As for underweight and overweight
women, results from the categorical model for total weight gain
indicated an increased risk at both low (aOR 1.85; 95\% CI 0.28--12.08
and aOR 1.23; 95\% CI 0.46--3.27, respectively) and high weight gain
(aOR 2.31; 95\% CI 0.44--12.16 and aOR 2.13; 95\% CI 0.67--6.79,
respectively), but confidence intervals were wide. In addition, total
GWG was not significantly associated with DVT or all VTE (Table 3).

Weight gain during early pregnancy

The pattern for early pregnancy weight gain showed similar results as
those in total pregnancy: In normal-weight women, early GWG was 1.5±2.7
kg for PE, 0.7±1.6 kg for DVT, 1.3±2.4 kg for all VTE and 0.6±2.3 kg for
control (Table S1), and did significantly differ between PE or all VTE
and control group (adjusted estimated mean difference combined 0.03 kg,
95\% CI 0-0.10 kg, p=0.0087 and 0.02 kg, 95\% CI 0-0.08 kg, p=0.0235,
respectively) (Table 2). There was observed protective effects of low
weight gain (aOR 0.79; 95\% CI 0.37--1.68) and significantly increased
risks of high weight gain (aOR=1.47; 95\% CI: 1.03-2.09) for PE in
normal-weight women. As for underweight women, weight gain above average
was associated with an increased risk of PE (aOR=2.50; 95\% CI:
0.29-21.40), so was for overweight and obese women (aOR=2.13; 95\% CI:
0.52-8.79), but estimates were not statistically significant. In
contrast, associations of weight gain above or below average with DVT or
all VTE were not significant, included the null (Table 4).

Weight gain during mid and late pregnancy

The associations of higher GWG with PE for normal-weight women
attenuated towards non-significant in mid and late pregnancy. Similarly,
within the range of mid and late weight gain, no significant
associations between maternal GWG and increased risk for DVT or all VTE
were present, regardless of maternal BMI (Table 5 and 6).

\textbf{Discussion}

\textbf{Main Findings}

In this study, we found different associations of gestational
stage-specific weight gain with venous thrombosis. Of those, higher GWG
in total or early pregnancy was associated with higher risks of PE in
normal-weight women. As for underweight and overweight women, results
from the categorical model for early or total pregnancy weight gain
indicated an increased risk at both low and high weight gain for PE, but
confidence intervals were wide.

\textbf{Strengths and limitations}

There are strengths in our study. Due to the detailed clinical data,
such as pre-pregnancy weight, weight measurements at every prenatal
visit and weight measurements before delivery beyond the registry, it
was possible for us to study both weight gain in different periods of
pregnancy and to take the differences in types of VTE (eg, DVT as well
as PE) into account. Moreover, use of weight gain z-scores instead of
weight gain in kilograms helped to disentangle the effects of pregnancy
weight gain on VTE from the effects of gestational duration, because GWG
is highly correlated to the gestational duration. Our cohort study
extends previous studies by accounting for effect modification by
pre-pregnancy BMI and using a gestational age-independent measure of
pregnancy weight gain.

There are also limitations in our study. The number of VTE was decreased
when stratified by BMI-categories, especially among obese women. For
this reason, we analyze the effect of weight gain during pregnancy on
VTE in obese together with overweight women. Furthermore, the incidence
of VTE might be underestimated in this study, since women who have high
risks of VTE during pregnancy typically receive low-molecular-weight
heparin (LMWH) and are often not switched to VTE in the postpartum
period, which is inevitable.

\textbf{Interpretation}

GWG has been associated with subsequent risks of adverse pregnancy
outcomes, such as preterm birth, pre-eclampsia and caesarean section,
has been suggested\textsuperscript{{[}18,19{]}}, but evidence to clarify
the relationship between gestational weight gain and maternal VTE have
been sporadic\textsuperscript{{[}13,20{]}}. A Norwegian hospital-case
control study reported that large weight gains (\textgreater{}p90 or
\textgreater{}21.0kg) were associated with 60\% increased odds of
postpartum VTE, while small maternal weight gain is an independent
antenatal risk factor for VTE\textsuperscript{{[}13{]}}. In a Washington
State, USA population-based, case-control study, women with large weight
gains during pregnancy (\textgreater{}22kg), independently of BMI, were
more likely to have VTE (1.5, 95\%CI 1.2-2.1)\textsuperscript{{[}20{]}}.
In line with these studies, we observed that higher GWG in whole
pregnancy was associated with higher risk of PE. Over weight gain during
pregnancy accompanied with increased intraabdominal pressure can
encourage blood stasis through iliac vessels compression. Furthermore,
elevated inflammatory cytokines and adipokines with increased fat
deposition promote endothelial dysfunction and platelet hyperreactivity.
Fat deposition also skews the hemostatic-fibrinolytic balance through
elevation of procoagulant factors including von Willebrand factor,
fibrinogen, factor VII, factor VIII, issue factor, and impairment of
fibrinolysis by elevation of plasminogen activator
inhibitor\textsuperscript{{[}21{]}}. On top of differential inflammatory
responses, women with high weight have longer durations of labor,
greater rates of chorioamnionitis, postpartum hemorrhage and surgical
complications, which may all lead to the observed greater risk of VTE
after delivery\textsuperscript{{[}22{]}}.

There is growing recognition that the impacts of gestational
stage-specific weight gain on pregnancy outcomes may
vary\textsuperscript{{[}23-27{]}}. GWG in early pregnancy largely
reflects maternal fat deposition, whereas GWG in mid and late pregnancy
is also attributed to maternal and amniotic fluid expansion, and growth
of the fetus, placenta and uterus\textsuperscript{{[}28{]}}. In this
study, we found that higher GWG in early pregnancy was associated with
higher risks of PE in normal-weight women. As for underweight and
overweight women, results from the categorical model for early pregnancy
weight gain indicated an increased risk at both low and high weight gain
for PE. Studies have found that mothers with increased fat deposition
during early pregnancy may involve the multifactorial engagement of
alterations to blood flow, hypercoagulability, chronic low-grade
inflammation and endothelial dysfunction, which may lead to
PE\textsuperscript{{[}21,29{]}}. Therefore, GWG in early pregnancy,
prior to the development of pregnancy outcomes, might be as or more
important than GWG in late pregnancy with respect to pregnancy outcomes.

GWG below average in overweight and obese mothers were also at an
increased risk of PE in our analysis. This finding, if true, could
result from low amniotic fluid volume and fetal weight by ischemic
placental disease (including preeclampsia, intrauterine growth
retardation, stillbirth, and placental abruption), perhaps a potential
for embolism, leading to PE\textsuperscript{{[}1{]}}. Blondon et al
found that the delivery of a newborn with low birth weight is associated
with a 3-fold increased risk of maternal postpartum
VTE\textsuperscript{{[}1{]}}. In another Norwegian hospital-based,
case--control study, mothers of newborns with IUGR were at 3.8-fold risk
of postpartum VTE\textsuperscript{{[}13{]}}. Moreover, hypertension
during pregnancy and preeclampsia are also associated with an increased
VTE risk during pregnancy and postpartum
period\textsuperscript{{[}9,30{]}}. However, a randomized clinical trial
indicated that pre-pregnancy weight loss intervention has favorable
effects on the early intrauterine environment\textsuperscript{{[}31{]}}.
Lifestyle intervention during pregnancy could to some extent limit GWG
and improve maternal and infant health\textsuperscript{{[}32{]}}.
Therefore, pre-pregnancy weight interventions integrated into intensive
weight management that continues through pregnancy may be indispensable
to decrease the risks of PE.

There was no statistical association between maternal weight gain and
DVT or all VTE across all BMI categories. Similarly, Matthew et al
retrospectively analyzed a large database from American found that only
the risk of PE is elevated in patient classification as heavier
categories after surgery, whereas there was no positive association
between DVT and BMI\textsuperscript{{[}33,34{]}}. Explanations for this
observed association exist, of which anticoagulation used for VTE
prophylaxis during pregnancy is most plausible. All pregnant women in
Shanghai are managed based on RCOG Green-top
Guidelines\textsuperscript{{[}35{]}} and Quensland Clinical
Guidelines\textsuperscript{{[}36,37{]}}. Briefly, they will undergo a
documented assessment of risk factors for VTE throughout pregnancy,
intrapartum and the puerperium. Any woman with risk factors shown in
Table S2 should be considered for prophylactic low-molecular-weight
heparin (LMWH). Previous studies have evaluated the efficacy of LMWH for
thromboprophylaxis, revealed that LMWH probably results in little to no
difference in the incidence of PE in patients undergoing knee
arthroscopy, but reduce the risk of asymptomatic
DVT\textsuperscript{{[}38{]}}. Similarly, eight RCTs showed no clear
differences between the LMWH and no prophylaxis or placebo groups in
patients with lower-limb immobilization for PE, but less DVT in the LMWH
groups\textsuperscript{{[}39{]}}. Therefore, aggressive pharmacologic
anticoagulation regimens during pregnancy can decrease the DVT rate but
have not been shown to affect the rate of PE. Meanwhile, common risk
factors for DVT, like history of multiple deliveries, smoking, and
obesity are less frequently observed in
China\textsuperscript{{[}15,40{]}}. These may be the reasons for the
higher incidence of PE in this study. However, the evidence is very
uncertain, and further high-quality very large-scale randomized trials
are needed to determine effects of currently used treatments in women
with different VTE risk factors.

\textbf{Conclusion}

The GWG associations with venous thrombosis differ at different periods
of pregnancy. Of those, maternal weight gain in total or early pregnancy
is an important risk factor for PE. In order to effectively improve
maternal and child outcomes, pre-pregnancy weight interventions
integrated into intensive weight management that continues through
pregnancy may be indispensable.

\textbf{Abbreviations}

VTE: Venous thromboembolism; DVT: Deep venous thrombosis; PE: Pulmonary
embolus; GWG: Gestational weight gain; BMI: body mass index; SD:
Standard deviations; ART: Assisted reproductive technology; IUI:
Intrauterine insemination; IVF: in-vitro fertilization; ICSI:
Intracytoplasmic sperm injection; GDM: Gestational diabetes mellitus;
PIH: Pregnancy induced hypertension; aORs: Adjusted odds ratios; Cis:
Confidence intervals; IUGR: Intrauterine growth retardation; SGA: Small
for gestational age; LGA: Large for gestational age; IQR: Interquartile
range; SAS: Statistical Analysis System; LMWH: Low-molecular-weight
heparin.

\textbf{Acknowledgements}

We thank the study participants for permitting us to use their personal
data.

\textbf{Authors' contributions}

YW and LD participated in interpretation of data and involved in
drafting the manuscript. ZZ, TZ, XZ and JP analyzed the data and
critically revised the manuscript. ZH and XH made substantial
contributions to conception and design, interpreted the data and
critically revised the manuscript. All authors read and approved the
final manuscript.

\textbf{Funding}

This research was supported by the Shanghai Municipal Commission of
Health and Family Planning (202040128), and Natural science foundation
of Pudong Municipal Health Commission of Shanghai (PW2019D-13).

\textbf{Availability of data and materials}

The data that support the findings of this study are available from the
corresponding author upon reasonable request.

\textbf{Declaration}

\textbf{Ethics approval and consent to participate}

This study was approved by Ethics Committee of Shanghai First Maternity
and Infant Hospital (reference number: KS2057).

\textbf{Consent for publication}

Not applicable.

\textbf{Competing interest}

The authors declare that they have no known competing financial
interests or personal relationships that may have influenced the work
reported in this paper.

\textbf{Author details}

\textsuperscript{1}Shanghai Key Laboratory of Maternal Fetal Medicine,
Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji
University, Shanghai, 200092, China. \textsuperscript{2}Obstetrics
Department, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, School of
Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China

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Table 1. Characteristics of cases and controls.\selectlanguage{english}
\begin{longtable}[]{@{}llll@{}}
\toprule
\begin{minipage}[b]{0.24\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\textbf{Characteristic}\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[b]{0.24\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\textbf{Controls} \textbf{(n=302)}\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[b]{0.24\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\textbf{Cases} \textbf{(n=151)}\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[b]{0.24\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\emph{P} \textbf{value}\strut
\end{minipage}\tabularnewline
\midrule
\endhead
\begin{minipage}[t]{0.22\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\textbf{Maternal age(y)}\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.22\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
30.8\selectlanguage{ngerman}±6.0\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.22\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
32.1\selectlanguage{ngerman}±4.3\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.22\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\textless{}0.0001\strut
\end{minipage}\tabularnewline
\begin{minipage}[t]{0.22\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\textbf{Maternal age [?]35 years, n (\%)}\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.22\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
43 (14.3)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.22\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
35 (23.2)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.22\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.0184\strut
\end{minipage}\tabularnewline
\begin{minipage}[t]{0.22\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\textbf{Nulliparous, n (\%)}\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.22\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
212 (70.9)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.22\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
112 (74.2)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.22\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.4658\strut
\end{minipage}\tabularnewline
\begin{minipage}[t]{0.22\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\textbf{Education, university degree and above, n (\%)}\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.22\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
276 (91.4)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.22\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
136 (90.1)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.22\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.6728\strut
\end{minipage}\tabularnewline
\begin{minipage}[t]{0.22\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\textbf{ART, n (\%)}\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.22\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
36(12.0)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.22\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
4(2.7)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.22\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.0010\strut
\end{minipage}\tabularnewline
\begin{minipage}[t]{0.22\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\selectlanguage{ngerman}\textbf{Pre-pregnancy BMI (kg/m\textsuperscript{2}), mean±SD}\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.22\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
21.6\selectlanguage{ngerman}±2.8\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.22\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
22.0\selectlanguage{ngerman}±3.0\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.22\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.3725\strut
\end{minipage}\tabularnewline
\begin{minipage}[t]{0.22\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\textbf{Pre-pregnancy BMI categories, n (\%)}\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.22\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\textbf{Pre-pregnancy BMI categories, n (\%)}\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.22\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\textbf{Pre-pregnancy BMI categories, n (\%)}\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.22\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\textbf{Pre-pregnancy BMI categories, n (\%)}\strut
\end{minipage}\tabularnewline
\begin{minipage}[t]{0.24\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
Underweight (\textless{} 18.5 kg/m2)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.24\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
31 (10.3)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.24\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
9 (6.0)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.24\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.0074\strut
\end{minipage}\tabularnewline
\begin{minipage}[t]{0.24\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
Normal weight (18.5-24.9 kg/m2)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.24\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
237 (78.7)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.24\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
112 (74.7)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.24\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\strut
\end{minipage}\tabularnewline
\begin{minipage}[t]{0.24\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
Overweight and obese ([?] 25 kg/m2)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.24\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
33 (11.0)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.24\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
29 (19.3)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.24\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\strut
\end{minipage}\tabularnewline
\begin{minipage}[t]{0.22\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\textbf{Gestational age at delivery (week), median (IQR)}\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.22\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
39 (38, 40)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.22\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
38 (37, 39)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.22\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\textless{}0.0001\strut
\end{minipage}\tabularnewline
\begin{minipage}[t]{0.22\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\textbf{Mode of delivery}\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.22\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\textbf{Mode of delivery}\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.22\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\textbf{Mode of delivery}\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.22\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\textbf{Mode of delivery}\strut
\end{minipage}\tabularnewline
\begin{minipage}[t]{0.24\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
Spontaneous labor\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.24\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
161(53.6)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.24\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
28(18.5)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.24\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\textless{}0.0001\strut
\end{minipage}\tabularnewline
\begin{minipage}[t]{0.24\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
Caserean section\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.24\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
139(46.3)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.24\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
123 (81.5)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.24\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\strut
\end{minipage}\tabularnewline
\begin{minipage}[t]{0.22\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\textbf{Multiple pregnancy}\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.22\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
9(2.7)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.22\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
10(6.6)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.22\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.0284\strut
\end{minipage}\tabularnewline
\begin{minipage}[t]{0.22\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\textbf{Pregnancy complications}\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.22\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\textbf{Pregnancy complications}\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.22\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\textbf{Pregnancy complications}\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.22\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\textbf{Pregnancy complications}\strut
\end{minipage}\tabularnewline
\begin{minipage}[t]{0.24\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
GDM\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.24\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
30(10.0)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.24\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
19(12.6)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.24\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.3993\strut
\end{minipage}\tabularnewline
\begin{minipage}[t]{0.24\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
PIH\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.24\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
18(6.0)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.24\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
27(17.9)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.24\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\textless{}0.0001\strut
\end{minipage}\tabularnewline
\begin{minipage}[t]{0.24\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
Hypothyroidism\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.24\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
11(3.7)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.24\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
14(9.3)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.24\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.0138\strut
\end{minipage}\tabularnewline
\begin{minipage}[t]{0.24\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
Preterm birth\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.24\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
15 (5.0)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.24\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
26 (17.3)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.24\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\textless{}0.0001\strut
\end{minipage}\tabularnewline
\begin{minipage}[t]{0.24\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
Postpartum hemorrhage\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.24\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
15(5.0)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.24\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
22(14.6)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.24\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.0005\strut
\end{minipage}\tabularnewline
\begin{minipage}[t]{0.24\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
Ischemic placental diseases\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.24\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
36(12.0)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.24\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
40(26.5)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.24\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\textless{}0.0001\strut
\end{minipage}\tabularnewline
\begin{minipage}[t]{0.24\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
Premature rupture of membranes\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.24\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
55 (18.3)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.24\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
31 (20.5)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.24\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.5646\strut
\end{minipage}\tabularnewline
\begin{minipage}[t]{0.24\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
Placenta previa\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.24\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
3 (1.0)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.24\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
4 (2.7)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.24\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.1801\strut
\end{minipage}\tabularnewline
\begin{minipage}[t]{0.24\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
Abruptio placentae\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.24\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
3 (1.0)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.24\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
6 (4.0)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.24\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.0328\strut
\end{minipage}\tabularnewline
\begin{minipage}[t]{0.22\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\textbf{Postpartum transfusion}\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.22\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
6(2.0)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.22\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
5(3.3)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.22\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.3916\strut
\end{minipage}\tabularnewline
\begin{minipage}[t]{0.22\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\textbf{Infant Gender (female)}\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.22\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
153 (50.8)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.22\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
87 (57.6)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.22\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.1732\strut
\end{minipage}\tabularnewline
\begin{minipage}[t]{0.22\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\selectlanguage{ngerman}\textbf{Birth Weight (gm) (Mean±SD)}\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.22\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
3246\selectlanguage{ngerman}±449\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.22\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
3168\selectlanguage{ngerman}±663\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.22\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\textless{}0.0001\strut
\end{minipage}\tabularnewline
\begin{minipage}[t]{0.22\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\textbf{SGA [?]10\textsuperscript{th}}\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.22\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
19(6.3)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.22\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
10(6.6)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.22\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.8991\strut
\end{minipage}\tabularnewline
\begin{minipage}[t]{0.22\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\textbf{LGA [?]90\textsuperscript{th}}\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.22\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
17(5.7)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.22\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
16(10.6)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.22\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.0568\strut
\end{minipage}\tabularnewline
\begin{minipage}[t]{0.22\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\textbf{Macrosomia (\textgreater{}4000 g)}\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.22\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
11(3.7)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.22\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
8(5.3)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.22\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.4120\strut
\end{minipage}\tabularnewline
\begin{minipage}[t]{0.22\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\textbf{Low birthweight (\textless{}2500 g)}\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.22\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
13(4.3)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.22\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
23(15.2)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.22\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\textless{}0.0001\strut
\end{minipage}\tabularnewline
\begin{minipage}[t]{0.22\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\textbf{Very low birthweight (\textless{}2500 g)}\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.22\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
2(0.7)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.22\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
4(3.3)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.22\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.0824\strut
\end{minipage}\tabularnewline
\begin{minipage}[t]{0.22\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\textbf{Sentinel congenital anomalies}\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.22\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
7(2.3)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.22\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
6(4.0)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.22\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.3233\strut
\end{minipage}\tabularnewline
\begin{minipage}[t]{0.22\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\textbf{Hyperbilirubinemia}\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.22\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
32(10.6)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.22\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
24(15.9)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.22\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.1096\strut
\end{minipage}\tabularnewline
\begin{minipage}[t]{0.22\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\textbf{Respiratory distress syndrome}\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.22\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
5(1.7)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.22\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
10(6.6)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.22\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.0055\strut
\end{minipage}\tabularnewline
\bottomrule
\end{longtable}

Abbreviations: BMI: body mass index; GDM: gestational diabetes mellitus;
PIH: pregnancy induced hypertension; SGA: small for gestational age;
LGA: large for gestational age; IQR: median with interquartile range.

Table 2 Absolute effect size of gestational weight gain at different
periods of pregnancy.\selectlanguage{english}
\begin{longtable}[]{@{}lllllll@{}}
\toprule
\begin{minipage}[b]{0.14\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[b]{0.14\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\textbf{PE} \textbf{Adjusted effect size (95\% CI)}
\textbf{(n=99)}\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[b]{0.14\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\emph{P} \textbf{value}\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[b]{0.14\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\textbf{DVT with PE or without PE} \textbf{Adjusted effect size (95\%
CI)} \textbf{(n=52)}\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[b]{0.14\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\emph{P} \textbf{value}\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[b]{0.14\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\textbf{All VTE} \textbf{Adjusted effect size (95\% CI)}
\textbf{(n=151)}\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[b]{0.14\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\emph{P} \textbf{value}\strut
\end{minipage}\tabularnewline
\midrule
\endhead
\begin{minipage}[t]{0.12\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\textbf{Total GWG in pregnancy by BMI categories}\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.12\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\textbf{Total GWG in pregnancy by BMI categories}\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.12\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\textbf{Total GWG in pregnancy by BMI categories}\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.12\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\textbf{Total GWG in pregnancy by BMI categories}\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.12\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\textbf{Total GWG in pregnancy by BMI categories}\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.12\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\textbf{Total GWG in pregnancy by BMI categories}\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.12\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\textbf{Total GWG in pregnancy by BMI categories}\strut
\end{minipage}\tabularnewline
\begin{minipage}[t]{0.14\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
Underweight (\textless{} 18.5 kg/m2)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.14\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
-0.04 (0, 0.26)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.14\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.2645\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.14\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\textbf{0.31 (0, 0.57) \textsuperscript{*}}\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.14\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\textbf{0.0063}\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.14\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.03 (0, 0.31)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.14\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.0516\strut
\end{minipage}\tabularnewline
\begin{minipage}[t]{0.14\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
Normal weight (18.5-24.9 kg/m2)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.14\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\textbf{0.06 (0.01, 0.13)\textsuperscript{*}}\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.14\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\textbf{0.0149}\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.14\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.05 (0.01, 0.12)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.14\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.2752\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.14\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.05 (0.01, 0.11)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.14\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.1191\strut
\end{minipage}\tabularnewline
\begin{minipage}[t]{0.14\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
Overweight and obese ([?] 25 kg/m2)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.14\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.06 (0, 0.31)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.14\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.7018\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.14\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.02 (0, 0.27)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.14\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.4258\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.14\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.07 (0, 0.27)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.14\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.6870\strut
\end{minipage}\tabularnewline
\begin{minipage}[t]{0.12\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\textbf{GWG in early pregnancy by BMI categories}\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.12\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\textbf{GWG in early pregnancy by BMI categories}\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.12\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\textbf{GWG in early pregnancy by BMI categories}\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.12\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\textbf{GWG in early pregnancy by BMI categories}\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.12\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\textbf{GWG in early pregnancy by BMI categories}\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.12\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\textbf{GWG in early pregnancy by BMI categories}\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.12\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\textbf{GWG in early pregnancy by BMI categories}\strut
\end{minipage}\tabularnewline
\begin{minipage}[t]{0.14\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
Underweight (\textless{} 18.5 kg/m2)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.14\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.30 (0, 0.59)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.14\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.0542\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.14\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.33 (0, 0.63)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.14\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.0596\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.14\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.29 (0, 0.59)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.14\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.0542\strut
\end{minipage}\tabularnewline
\begin{minipage}[t]{0.14\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
Normal weight (18.5-24.9 kg/m2)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.14\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\textbf{0.03 (0, 0.10) \textsuperscript{*}}\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.14\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\textbf{0.0087}\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.14\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
-0.01 (0, 0.04)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.14\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.7320\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.14\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\textbf{0.02 (0, 0.08) \textsuperscript{*}}\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.14\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\textbf{0.0235}\strut
\end{minipage}\tabularnewline
\begin{minipage}[t]{0.14\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
Overweight and obese ([?] 25 kg/m2)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.14\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
-0.05 (0, 0.27)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.14\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.4264\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.14\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
-0.08 (0, 0.24)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.14\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.1886\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.14\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.01 (0, 0.26)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.14\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.1424\strut
\end{minipage}\tabularnewline
\begin{minipage}[t]{0.12\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\textbf{GWG in mid pregnancy by BMI categories}\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.12\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\textbf{GWG in mid pregnancy by BMI categories}\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.12\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\textbf{GWG in mid pregnancy by BMI categories}\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.12\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\textbf{GWG in mid pregnancy by BMI categories}\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.12\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\textbf{GWG in mid pregnancy by BMI categories}\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.12\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\textbf{GWG in mid pregnancy by BMI categories}\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.12\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\textbf{GWG in mid pregnancy by BMI categories}\strut
\end{minipage}\tabularnewline
\begin{minipage}[t]{0.14\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
Underweight (\textless{} 18.5 kg/m2)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.14\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.09 (0, 0.46)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.14\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.3084\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.14\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.01 (0, 0.41)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.14\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.0797\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.14\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\textbf{0.14 (0, 0.50) \textsuperscript{*}}\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.14\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\textbf{0.0065}\strut
\end{minipage}\tabularnewline
\begin{minipage}[t]{0.14\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
Normal weight (18.5-24.9 kg/m2)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.14\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.00 (0, 0.06)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.14\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.4225\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.14\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.00 (0, 0.07)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.14\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.3731\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.14\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.01 (0, 0.07)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.14\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
02473\strut
\end{minipage}\tabularnewline
\begin{minipage}[t]{0.14\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
Overweight and obese ([?] 25 kg/m2)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.14\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.15 (0, 0.44)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.14\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.1499\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.14\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
-0.02 (0, 0.31)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.14\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.5082\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.14\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.11 (0, 0.37)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.14\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.1470\strut
\end{minipage}\tabularnewline
\begin{minipage}[t]{0.12\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\textbf{GWG in late pregnancy by BMI categories}\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.12\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\textbf{GWG in late pregnancy by BMI categories}\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.12\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\textbf{GWG in late pregnancy by BMI categories}\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.12\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\textbf{GWG in late pregnancy by BMI categories}\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.12\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\textbf{GWG in late pregnancy by BMI categories}\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.12\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\textbf{GWG in late pregnancy by BMI categories}\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.12\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\textbf{GWG in late pregnancy by BMI categories}\strut
\end{minipage}\tabularnewline
\begin{minipage}[t]{0.14\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
Underweight (\textless{} 18.5 kg/m2)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.14\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
-0.06 (0, 0.23)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.14\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.3860\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.14\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
-0.02 (0, 0.31)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.14\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.1161\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.14\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
-0.07 (0, 0.21)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.14\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.6476\strut
\end{minipage}\tabularnewline
\begin{minipage}[t]{0.14\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
Normal weight (18.5-24.9 kg/m2)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.14\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.03 (0, 0.09)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.14\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.1246\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.14\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\textbf{0.05 (0.01, 0.12) \textsuperscript{*}}\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.14\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\textbf{0.0295}\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.14\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.03 (0, 0.08)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.14\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.8666\strut
\end{minipage}\tabularnewline
\begin{minipage}[t]{0.14\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
Overweight and obese ([?] 25 kg/m2)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.14\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
-0.04 (0, 0.21)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.14\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.4134\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.14\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.05 (0, 0.31)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.14\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.0541\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.14\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.01 (0, 0.22)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.14\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.1369\strut
\end{minipage}\tabularnewline
\bottomrule
\end{longtable}

Abbreviations: BMI: body mass index; DVT: deep venous thrombosis; PE:
pulmonary embolus; VTE: venous thromboembolism.

Table 3. Maternal total pregnancy weight gain by z-score categories with
adjusted odds ratios for PE alone, DVT (including DVT and concomitant
PE) and all VTE events.\selectlanguage{english}
\begin{longtable}[]{@{}lllllllll@{}}
\toprule
\begin{minipage}[b]{0.11\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
BMI category\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[b]{0.11\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
Total Weight Gain\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[b]{0.11\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
Control\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[b]{0.11\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
PE\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[b]{0.11\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
Adjusted odds ratio (95\% CI)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[b]{0.11\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
DVT with PE or without PE\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[b]{0.11\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
Adjusted odds ratio (95\% CI)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[b]{0.11\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
All VTE\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[b]{0.11\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
Adjusted odds ratio (95\% CI)\strut
\end{minipage}\tabularnewline
\midrule
\endhead
\begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
z-score category\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\strut
\end{minipage}\tabularnewline
\begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
Underweight (\textless{} 18.5 kg/m2)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
<-1\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
4\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
1\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
1.85 (0.28, 12.08)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
NA\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
1\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.87 (0.55, 1.38)\strut
\end{minipage}\tabularnewline
\begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
-1 to 1\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
23\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
3\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
Ref\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
Ref\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
3\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
Ref\strut
\end{minipage}\tabularnewline
\begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
>1\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
4\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
2\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
2.31 (0.44, 12.16)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
2\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
NA\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
4\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.66 (0.33, 1.30)\strut
\end{minipage}\tabularnewline
\begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
Normal weight (18.5-24.9) kg/m2\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
<-1\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
28\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
7\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.85 (0.43, 1.69)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
9\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
1.77 (0.92, 3.41)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
16\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
1.00 (0.89, 1.13)\strut
\end{minipage}\tabularnewline
\begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
-1 to 1\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
171\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
48\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
Ref\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
20\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
Ref\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
68\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
Ref\strut
\end{minipage}\tabularnewline
\begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
>1\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
34\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
19\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
1.52 (1.01, 2.31) \textsuperscript{*}\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
4\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.81 (0.30, 2.16)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
23\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.97 (0.87, 1.09)\strut
\end{minipage}\tabularnewline
\begin{minipage}[t]{0.11\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
Overweight and obese ([?] 25 kg/m2)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.11\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
<-1\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.11\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
7\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.11\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
3\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.11\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
1.23 (0.46, 3.27)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.11\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
3\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.11\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
1.09 (0.44, 2.68)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.11\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
6\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.11\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.98 (0.70, 1.37)\strut
\end{minipage}\tabularnewline
\begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
-1 to 1\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
22\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
8\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
Ref\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
9\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
Ref\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
17\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
Ref\strut
\end{minipage}\tabularnewline
\begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
>1\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
4\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
4\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
2.13 (0.67,6.79)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
1\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.67 (0.10, 4.43)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
5\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.95 (0.70, 1.29)\strut
\end{minipage}\tabularnewline
\bottomrule
\end{longtable}

Adjusted maternal age, parity, ART, delivery mode, fetal number,
birthweight, gestational age, PIH, GDM and postpartum hemorrhage.

Abbreviations: BMI: body mass index; DVT: deep venous thrombosis; PE:
pulmonary embolus; VTE: venous thromboembolism.\selectlanguage{english}
\begin{longtable}[]{@{}lllllllll@{}}
\toprule
\begin{minipage}[b]{0.11\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
BMI category\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[b]{0.11\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
Early Weight Gain\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[b]{0.11\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
Control\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[b]{0.11\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
PE\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[b]{0.11\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
Adjusted odds ratio (95\% CI)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[b]{0.11\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
DVT with PE or without PE\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[b]{0.11\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
Adjusted odds ratio (95\% CI)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[b]{0.11\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
All VTE\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[b]{0.11\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
Adjusted odds ratio (95\% CI)\strut
\end{minipage}\tabularnewline
\midrule
\endhead
\begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
z-score category\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\strut
\end{minipage}\tabularnewline
\begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
Underweight (\textless{} 18.5 kg/m2)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
<-1\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
2\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
NA\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
NA\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
NA\strut
\end{minipage}\tabularnewline
\begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
-1 to 1\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
18\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
2\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
Ref\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
1\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
Ref\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
3\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
Ref\strut
\end{minipage}\tabularnewline
\begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
>1\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
3\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
1\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
2.50 (0.29, 21.40)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
NA\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
1\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.87 (0.43, 1.74)\strut
\end{minipage}\tabularnewline
\begin{minipage}[t]{0.11\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
Normal weight (18.5-24.9 kg/m2)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.11\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
<-1\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.11\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
19\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.11\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
4\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.11\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.79 (0.37, 1.68)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.11\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
2\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.11\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.80 (0.21, 3.01)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.11\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
6\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.11\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
1.02 (0.85, 1.22)\strut
\end{minipage}\tabularnewline
\begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
-1 to 1\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
145\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
46\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
Ref\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
23\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
Ref\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
69\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
Ref\strut
\end{minipage}\tabularnewline
\begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
>1\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
23\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
15\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
1.47 (1.03, 2.09)\textsuperscript{*}\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
1\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.41 (0.06, 2.91)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
16\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.98 (0.85, 1.12)\strut
\end{minipage}\tabularnewline
\begin{minipage}[t]{0.11\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
Overweight and obese ([?] 25 kg/m2)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.11\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
<-1\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.11\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
2\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.11\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.11\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
NA\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.11\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.11\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
NA\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.11\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.11\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
NA\strut
\end{minipage}\tabularnewline
\begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
-1 to 1\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
21\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
9\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
Ref\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
7\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
Ref\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
16\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
Ref\strut
\end{minipage}\tabularnewline
\begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
>1\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
1\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
2\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
2.13 (0.52, 8.79)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
3\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
1.46 (0.46, 4.67)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
5\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.78 (0.47, 1.30)\strut
\end{minipage}\tabularnewline
\bottomrule
\end{longtable}

Table 4. Maternal early pregnancy weight gain by z-score categories with
adjusted odds ratios for PE alone, DVT (including DVT and concomitant
PE) and all VTE events.

*Adjusted maternal age, parity, ART, delivery mode, fetal number,
birthweight, gestational age, PIH, GDM and postpartum hemorrhage.

Abbreviations: BMI: body mass index; DVT: deep venous thrombosis; PE:
pulmonary embolus; VTE: venous thromboembolism.

Table 5. Maternal mid pregnancy weight gain by z-score categories with
adjusted odds ratios for PE alone, DVT (including DVT and concomitant
PE) and all VTE events.\selectlanguage{english}
\begin{longtable}[]{@{}lllllllll@{}}
\toprule
\begin{minipage}[b]{0.11\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
BMI category\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[b]{0.11\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
Mid Weight Gain\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[b]{0.11\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
Control\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[b]{0.11\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
PE\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[b]{0.11\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
Adjusted odds ratio (95\% CI)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[b]{0.11\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
DVT with PE or without PE\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[b]{0.11\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
Adjusted odds ratio (95\% CI)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[b]{0.11\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
All VTE\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[b]{0.11\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
Adjusted odds ratio (95\% CI)\strut
\end{minipage}\tabularnewline
\midrule
\endhead
\begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
z-score category\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\strut
\end{minipage}\tabularnewline
\begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
Underweight (\textless{} 18.5 kg/m2)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
<-1\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
3\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
NA\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
NA\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
NA\strut
\end{minipage}\tabularnewline
\begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
-1 to 1\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
17\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
Ref\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
Ref\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
Ref\strut
\end{minipage}\tabularnewline
\begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
>1\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
3\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
2\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
NA\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
1\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
NA\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
3\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
NA\strut
\end{minipage}\tabularnewline
\begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
Normal weight (18.5-24.9) kg/m2\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
<-1\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
23\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
6\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
1.29 (0.84, 1.98)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
3\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.96 (0.31, 3.00)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
9\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
1.00 (0.88, 1.14)\strut
\end{minipage}\tabularnewline
\begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
-1 to 1\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
128\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
46\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
Ref\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
19\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
Ref\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
65\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
Ref\strut
\end{minipage}\tabularnewline
\begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
>1\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
36\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
10\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.96 (0.56, 1.65)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
2\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.44 (0.11, 1.81)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
12\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
1.02 (0.90, 1.16)\strut
\end{minipage}\tabularnewline
\begin{minipage}[t]{0.11\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
Overweight and obese ([?] 25 kg/m2)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.11\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
<-1\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.11\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
4\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.11\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
1\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.11\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.78 (0.30, 3.02)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.11\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
1\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.11\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.88 (0.16, 4.75)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.11\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
2\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.11\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
1.08 (0.71, 1.63)\strut
\end{minipage}\tabularnewline
\begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
-1 to 1\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
16\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
8\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
Ref\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
8\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
Ref\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
16\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
Ref\strut
\end{minipage}\tabularnewline
\begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
>1\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
4\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
2\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
1.44 (0.40, 5.25)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
NA\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
2\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
1.07 (0.70, 1.63)\strut
\end{minipage}\tabularnewline
\bottomrule
\end{longtable}

Adjusted maternal age, parity, ART, delivery mode, fetal number,
birthweight, gestational age, PIH, GDM and postpartum hemorrhage.

Abbreviations: BMI: body mass index; DVT: deep venous thrombosis; PE:
pulmonary embolus; VTE: venous thromboembolism.

Table 6. Maternal late pregnancy weight gain by z-score categories with
adjusted odds ratios for PE alone, DVT (including DVT and concomitant
PE) and all VTE events.\selectlanguage{english}
\begin{longtable}[]{@{}lllllllll@{}}
\toprule
\begin{minipage}[b]{0.11\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
BMI category\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[b]{0.11\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
Late Weight Gain\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[b]{0.11\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
Control\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[b]{0.11\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
PE\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[b]{0.11\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
Adjusted odds ratio (95\% CI)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[b]{0.11\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
DVT with PE or without PE\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[b]{0.11\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
Adjusted odds ratio (95\% CI)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[b]{0.11\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
All VTE\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[b]{0.11\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
Adjusted odds ratio (95\% CI)\strut
\end{minipage}\tabularnewline
\midrule
\endhead
\begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
z-score category\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\strut
\end{minipage}\tabularnewline
\begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
Underweight (\textless{} 18.5 kg/m2)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
<-1\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
6\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
1\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
4.25 (0.83, 21.68)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
NA\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
1\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.83 (0.54, 1.28)\strut
\end{minipage}\tabularnewline
\begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
-1 to 1\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
19\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
2\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
Ref\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
1\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
Ref\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
3\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
Ref\strut
\end{minipage}\tabularnewline
\begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
>1\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
6\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
1\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
2.13 (0.25, 18.05)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
1\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
2.86 (0.20, 39.83)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
2\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.93 (0.64, 1.35)\strut
\end{minipage}\tabularnewline
\begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
Normal weight (18.5-24.9 kg/m2)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
<-1\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
37\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
9\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.86 (0.54, 1.35)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
8\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
1.64 (0.78, 3.45)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
17\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
1.01 (0.90, 1.14)\strut
\end{minipage}\tabularnewline
\begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
-1 to 1\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
165\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
48\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
Ref\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
21\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
Ref\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
69\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
Ref\strut
\end{minipage}\tabularnewline
\begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
>1\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
32\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
13\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
1.01 (0.67, 1.52)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
4\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
1.03 (0.38, 2.80)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
17\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.99 (0.87, 1.12)\strut
\end{minipage}\tabularnewline
\begin{minipage}[t]{0.11\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
Overweight and obese ([?] 25 kg/m2)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.11\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
<-1\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.11\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
2\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.11\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
3\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.11\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
2.84 (0.57, 14.13)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.11\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
2\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.11\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
1.01 (0.35, 2.93)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.11\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
5\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.11\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.79 (0.43, 1.44)\strut
\end{minipage}\tabularnewline
\begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
-1 to 1\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
24\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
8\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
Ref\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
10\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
Ref\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
18\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
Ref\strut
\end{minipage}\tabularnewline
\begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
>1\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
6\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
2\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
1.19 (0.36, 3.94)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
NA\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
2\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.08\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
1.19 (0.65, 2.18)\strut
\end{minipage}\tabularnewline
\bottomrule
\end{longtable}

Adjusted maternal age, parity, ART, delivery mode, fetal number,
birthweight, gestational age, PIH, GDM and postpartum hemorrhage.

Abbreviations: BMI: body mass index; DVT: deep venous thrombosis; PE:
pulmonary embolus; VTE: venous thromboembolism.

\textbf{Hosted file}

\verb`figure1.docx`  available at \url{https://authorea.com/users/728244/articles/712728-association-between-maternal-weight-gain-in-different-periods-of-pregnancy-and-the-risk-of-venous-thromboembolism-a-retrospective-matched-case-control-study}

\selectlanguage{english}
\FloatBarrier
\end{document}

