Characteristics |
|
Control
(n=3425)
|
Glucocorticoids
(n=28145)
|
ASD (%) |
Control
(n=3425)
|
Glucocorticoids
(n=13700)
|
ASD
(%) |
Age, mean (SD) (y) |
|
37.1 (27.4) |
38.6 (26.5) |
5.4 |
37.1 (27.4) |
36.0 (27.1) |
0.4 |
Male |
|
1829 (53.4) |
15125 (53.7) |
0.7 |
1829 (53.4) |
7423 (54.2) |
1.6 |
Body Mass Index (kg/m2) |
Body Mass Index
(kg/m2) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<18.5 |
861 (25.1) |
6291 (22.4) |
6.6 |
861 (25.1) |
3594
(26.2) |
2.5 |
|
18.5<= <25.0 |
1379 (40.3) |
11765 (41.8) |
3.1 |
1379 (40.3) |
5417 (39.5) |
1.5 |
|
25.0<= <30.0 |
443 (12.9) |
3973 (14.1) |
3.5 |
443 (12.9) |
1746 (12.7) |
0.6 |
|
>=30.0 |
132 (3.9) |
1064 (3.8) |
0.4 |
132 (3.9) |
476
(3.5) |
0.2 |
|
missing |
610 (17.8) |
5052 (17.9) |
0.4 |
610 (17.8) |
2467 (18.0) |
0.0 |
Japan Coma Scale |
Japan Coma Scale |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Alert |
2941 (85.9) |
24175 (85.9) |
0.1 |
2941 (85.9) |
11952
(87.2) |
4.0 |
|
Drowsy |
332 (9.7) |
2750 (9.8) |
0.3 |
332 (9.7) |
1228 (9.0) |
2.5 |
|
Somnolence |
104 (3.0) |
852 (3.0) |
0.1 |
104 (3.0) |
336 (2.5) |
3.6 |
|
Coma |
48 (1.4) |
368 (1.3) |
0.8 |
48 (1.4) |
184 (1.3) |
0.5 |
Smoking status |
Smoking status |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
never |
2341 (68.4) |
18605 (66.1) |
4.8 |
2341 (68.4) |
9600 (70.1) |
3.7 |
|
past and current |
717 (20.9) |
6262 (22.2) |
3.2 |
717 (20.9) |
2700 (19.7) |
3.0 |
|
missing |
367 (10.7) |
3278 (11.6) |
3.0 |
367 (10.7) |
1400 (10.2) |
1.6 |
Diagnosis |
Diagnosis |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
T78.0†
|
730 (21.3) |
5284 (18.8) |
6.3 |
730
(21.3) |
2901 (21.2) |
0.3 |
|
T78.2‡
|
2343 (68.4) |
20039 (71.2) |
6.1 |
2343
(68.4) |
9512 (69.4) |
2.2 |
|
T88.6§
|
352 (10.3) |
2822 (10.0) |
0.8 |
352
(10.3) |
1287 (9.4) |
3.0 |
Charlson Comorbidity Index |
Charlson Comorbidity Index |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
0 |
2771 (80.9) |
21834 (77.6) |
8.2 |
2771 (80.9) |
11231 (82.0) |
2.8 |
|
1 |
441 (12.9) |
4160 (14.8) |
5.5 |
441 (12.9) |
1673 (12.2) |
2.0 |
|
2 |
135 (3.9) |
1288 (4.6) |
3.1 |
135 (3.9) |
519 (3.8) |
0.8 |
|
≥3 |
78 (2.3) |
863 (3.1) |
4.9 |
78 (2.3) |
277 (2.0) |
1.8 |
Medical history |
Medical history |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Asthma |
197 (5.8) |
2139 (7.6) |
7.4 |
197 (5.8) |
712 (5.2) |
2.4 |
|
Atopic dermatitis |
80 (2.3) |
634 (2.3) |
0.6 |
80 (2.3) |
316
(2.3) |
0.0 |
|
Atopic rhinitis |
50 (1.5) |
686 (2.4) |
7.1 |
50 (1.5) |
205 (1.5) |
0.0 |
Use of drugs |
Use of drugs |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
H1 blocker |
2385 (69.6) |
24227 (86.1) |
40.4 |
2385 (69.6) |
9549
(69.7) |
0.1 |
|
H2 blocker |
1398 (40.8) |
15167 (53.9) |
26.4 |
1398 (40.8) |
5665
(41.4) |
1.1 |
|
β2 agonist |
392 (11.4) |
4531 (16.1) |
13.5 |
392 (11.4) |
1619
(11.8) |
1.2 |
Hospital volume |
Hospital volume |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Very low |
756 (22.1) |
7268 (25.8) |
8.8 |
756 (22.1) |
2897 (21.1) |
2.3 |
|
Low |
868 (25.3) |
7014 (24.9) |
1.0 |
868 (25.3) |
3639 (26.6) |
2.8 |
|
High |
852 (24.9) |
6982 (24.8) |
0.2 |
852 (24.9) |
3372 (24.6) |
0.0 |
|
Very high |
949 (27.7) |
6881 (24.4) |
7.4 |
949 (27.7) |
3792
(27.7) |
0.0 |
Clinical training hospital |
Clinical training hospital |
3167 (92.5) |
26027 (92.5) |
0.0 |
3167 (92.5) |
12730 (92.9) |
1.7 |