Unmatched Unmatched Unmatched After 1:4 matching After 1:4 matching After 1:4 matching
Characteristics Control (n=3425) Glucocorticoids (n=28145) ASD (%) Control (n=3425) Glucocorticoids (n=13700) ASD (%)
Age, mean (SD) (y) 37.1 (27.4) 38.6 (26.5) 5.4 37.1 (27.4) 36.0 (27.1) 0.4
Male 1829 (53.4) 15125 (53.7) 0.7 1829 (53.4) 7423 (54.2) 1.6
Body Mass Index (kg/m2) Body Mass Index (kg/m2)
<18.5 861 (25.1) 6291 (22.4) 6.6 861 (25.1) 3594 (26.2) 2.5
18.5<= <25.0 1379 (40.3) 11765 (41.8) 3.1 1379 (40.3) 5417 (39.5) 1.5
25.0<= <30.0 443 (12.9) 3973 (14.1) 3.5 443 (12.9) 1746 (12.7) 0.6
>=30.0 132 (3.9) 1064 (3.8) 0.4 132 (3.9) 476 (3.5) 0.2
missing 610 (17.8) 5052 (17.9) 0.4 610 (17.8) 2467 (18.0) 0.0
Japan Coma Scale Japan Coma Scale
Alert 2941 (85.9) 24175 (85.9) 0.1 2941 (85.9) 11952 (87.2) 4.0
Drowsy 332 (9.7) 2750 (9.8) 0.3 332 (9.7) 1228 (9.0) 2.5
Somnolence 104 (3.0) 852 (3.0) 0.1 104 (3.0) 336 (2.5) 3.6
Coma 48 (1.4) 368 (1.3) 0.8 48 (1.4) 184 (1.3) 0.5
Smoking status Smoking status
never 2341 (68.4) 18605 (66.1) 4.8 2341 (68.4) 9600 (70.1) 3.7
past and current 717 (20.9) 6262 (22.2) 3.2 717 (20.9) 2700 (19.7) 3.0
missing 367 (10.7) 3278 (11.6) 3.0 367 (10.7) 1400 (10.2) 1.6
Diagnosis Diagnosis
T78.0 730 (21.3) 5284 (18.8) 6.3 730 (21.3) 2901 (21.2) 0.3
T78.2 2343 (68.4) 20039 (71.2) 6.1 2343 (68.4) 9512 (69.4) 2.2
T88.6§ 352 (10.3) 2822 (10.0) 0.8 352 (10.3) 1287 (9.4) 3.0
Charlson Comorbidity Index Charlson Comorbidity Index
0 2771 (80.9) 21834 (77.6) 8.2 2771 (80.9) 11231 (82.0) 2.8
1 441 (12.9) 4160 (14.8) 5.5 441 (12.9) 1673 (12.2) 2.0
2 135 (3.9) 1288 (4.6) 3.1 135 (3.9) 519 (3.8) 0.8
≥3 78 (2.3) 863 (3.1) 4.9 78 (2.3) 277 (2.0) 1.8
Medical history Medical history
Asthma 197 (5.8) 2139 (7.6) 7.4 197 (5.8) 712 (5.2) 2.4
Atopic dermatitis 80 (2.3) 634 (2.3) 0.6 80 (2.3) 316 (2.3) 0.0
Atopic rhinitis 50 (1.5) 686 (2.4) 7.1 50 (1.5) 205 (1.5) 0.0
Use of drugs Use of drugs
H1 blocker 2385 (69.6) 24227 (86.1) 40.4 2385 (69.6) 9549 (69.7) 0.1
H2 blocker 1398 (40.8) 15167 (53.9) 26.4 1398 (40.8) 5665 (41.4) 1.1
β2 agonist 392 (11.4) 4531 (16.1) 13.5 392 (11.4) 1619 (11.8) 1.2
Hospital volume Hospital volume
Very low 756 (22.1) 7268 (25.8) 8.8 756 (22.1) 2897 (21.1) 2.3
Low 868 (25.3) 7014 (24.9) 1.0 868 (25.3) 3639 (26.6) 2.8
High 852 (24.9) 6982 (24.8) 0.2 852 (24.9) 3372 (24.6) 0.0
Very high 949 (27.7) 6881 (24.4) 7.4 949 (27.7) 3792 (27.7) 0.0
Clinical training hospital Clinical training hospital 3167 (92.5) 26027 (92.5) 0.0 3167 (92.5) 12730 (92.9) 1.7