Conclusion and research needs.
Enormous milestone researches have been achieved; in progress to understand the various mechanism and ASFV virus-encoded protein uses to interact, modulate and evade host immune responses to infection which are prerequisites strategies and knowledge needed for vaccine development. However, an effective vaccine will probably not be available in the short term but with classical control measures like early detection, biosecurity measures, culling of infected farms, epidemiology tracing, among few classical strategies to employ in the fight against ASFV.
Despite numerous researches, virus entry machinery and host cell receptors are still unknown. More research should focus on entry mechanisms and identification of ASFV host cell receptors, innate immune responses, and the virus’s interaction with the host on a cellular level. Complete knowledge of this will be a possible advantage for vaccine development and exact pathogenesis. The host pattern recognition receptors involve the sense entrance of viral infection, but the IFN inhibitory proteins’ mechanism is unknown.
ASFV genome contains many multigene families (MGFs), which encase many genes, e.g., MGF 360, MGF 505/530. The roles of individual genes and their mechanism of action are not clear.
The effect of the ASFV genes deleted should be studied intensively; they are also potential vaccine candidates.
Warthog are carriers of ASFV but interesting immune to it, shows no clinical symptom, further researches should be encouraged on warthog genomes, more study on its variation may expose the basis for their resistance to ASFV.