2.2 | Study Area and Sampling
For the selection of population groups and individuals of J. chilensis to be sampled, we considered three parameters: i.populations with more than 50 individuals; ii. a sampling scheme that covers the entire species’ geographical range; and iii. the exclusion of specimens belonging to plantations. Sampling was then conducted in six population groups, whose population sizes correspond to 95.98% of the total species abundance (González et al. 2017), ordered from north to south: (a) Culimo (CUL), (b) Petorca (PET), (c) Ocoa (OCO), (d) Viña del Mar / Valparaíso (VAV), (e) Cocalán (COC), and (f) Candelaria (CAN) (Figure 1, Table 1).