3.2 | Genetic Distance and Relationships Among Populations
The cluster analysis showed group formations among the Culimo, Cocalán and Candelaria populations, with support of 72.2%; while the Viña del Mar/Valparaíso population was separated from the other populations (Figure 2, Table 4). In the PCO, the first two axes explained 61.4% of the variance (35.0% and 26.4% respectively). There was relative proximity between the Culimo, Cocalán and Candelaria group and the Petorca population, while the Ocoa and Viña del Mar/Valparaíso populations remained in opposite peripheries (Figure 3). Mantel test results (with spearman correlation and 719 permutations) indicated that Nei’s (1972) genetic distance matrix did not significantly correlate with the geographic distance matrix (r = -0.214, P = 0.799),i.e ., the nearest populations did not have lower values ​​of genetic differentiation.