Figure 2. ML phylogenetic tree for COI of 71 individuals ofC. obesa3.3. Historical demography The mismatch distribution analyses display a skewed unimodal distribution (Figure 3), indicating that they experienced demographic expansion and a recent bottleneck. All populations, except SH, yielded significant negative values in Tajima’s D test (Table 3), indicating that each population experienced demographic expansion under the neural model.Figure 3. Mismatch distribution of C. obesa based on COITable 3. Tajima’s D and Fu’s Fs, and corresponding P values for five populations of C. obesa