2.7 Cytokine assay
ELISA kits (Mouse TNFα, Cat# BMS607-3TEN; Mouse IL-6, Cat# BMS603-2; Mouse IL-1β,Cat#88-7013A-88) were purchased from Thermo Fisher (USA).
2.8 Seahorse extracellular flux analyser assays for ECAR and OCR
The glycolysis rate, spare respiratory capacity, and mitochondrial respiration in RAW264.7 cells were measured using a Seahorse Glycolysis Stress Test Kit (103020-100, Agilent) and a Seahorse Cell Mito Stress Test Kit (103015-100, Agilent) and according to the manufacturer’s instructions. Oxygen consumption rate and extracellular acidification rate were measured on an XFe 96 Seahorse Bioanalyzer (Agilent). Data were analyzed using Wave software (Agilent Technologies).