Strategies to reverse T-cell exhaustion
As mentioned above, CD8+ T cells and NKT cells
expressed high levels of the inhibitory membrane receptors in sever
COVID-19 patients, including PD-1, CLTA4, Tim-3 and so on [58, 66,
74]. Therefore, targeting PD-1, CLTA4, Tim-3 and other inhibitory
membrane receptors could be beneficial in releasing the brake of T‐cell
exhaustion to enhance T cell responses. Four clinical trials to evaluate
the effectiveness of anti-PD-1 antibody administration in COVID-19
patients are ongoing [96].