Hyperglycemia boost pro-inflammatory cytokine production in DC
An increase in pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-\(\alpha\) and
IL-1\(\beta\) was observed for the inactivated and activated BMDC and
human monocyte differentiated DC in presence of high glucose
concentrations (Figure 5). Activation of the cells by AGE and LPS
significantly upregulated both inflammatory cytokines (Figure 5. A, B,
D, E). On the other hand, anti-inflammatory cytokine, IL-10, showed a
similar trending but no significant elevation was observed upon
activation in BMDC, while it was significantly up in human monocyte
differentiated DC (Figure 5. C, F). Stimulation of human monocyte
differentiated DC with AGE alone demonstrated limited impact, while the
stimulation with LPS alone induced potent upregulation of
TNF-\(\alpha\). TNF-\(\alpha\) levels under these separate stimulation
also increased with increasing glucose concentrations, and AGE and LPS
together showed an additive effect on TNF-\(\alpha\) secretions with
glucose (Supplementary Figure 1).