4 Conclusion

Value is numerated in exchange. In its process, unobservable profit at exchange is added. Therefore, numerated value differs from prenumerated value, a distinction overlooked by Marx. This distinction is crucial because it implies that sales also create value and labor is not the sole determinant of surplus value. Therefore, the Marxian labor theory of value is incorrect and the exploitation concept fails to account for the exploitation at consumption.
In the domain of numeration of value, a recognition problem exists: the retroactive causal recognition of added value, which has long obscured the discussion about value and price. In fact, first, price is determined at exchange, then added value is calculated. The Marxian price theory predetermines the effect in causality. The series of discussions presented in this study have demonstrated a solution for the transformation problem. Since both the Marxian value and price theories are erroneous, transformation is impossible. The solutions by the interpretations cannot present the true solution.
Although it has been previously thought that value is only created by production, this is not so as sales also create value. Such a new perspective, we believe, upsets the value concepts that many people including neoclassical economists believe and can thus pave the way to reconstruct value and innovation theories.
In section III, we indicated that dynamics of structure lay beneath the process of value determination. Market exchange is communication mediated by profit. Price beyond the singular point is discontinuous with the value before it. Therefore it is unable to grasp the economy correctly.
Economy consists of not only a surface economic activity but a deep practice to structuralize value. Therefore, this paper consisted of the two sections. Economists will have no concern with regard to the second argument. However, we have indicated that the concept of the singular point is useful to understand the confusion of the transformation problem.
Profit at exchange cannot be definitively proven, but this study concludes that it exists between value and price as a phenomenon of the singular point of structure.
Marx’s Capital is the myth of the value creation in the singular point. It brings many people a situation of communitas. Almost nothing has been yet known in terms of the mystery of the singular point. We suggested the possibility that ICT innovation may enlarge the inequality of economy. On the basis of new understanding of the singular point, is a new theory to replace Marx possible? It is hard to predict, but at least we have a place to begin.
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