Procedure
The survey was conducted online. Participants firstly reported their demographic information. The questions asked their gender, age, marital status, children, annual household income, annual individual income, living area (prefecture), and occupation. Next, the participants were asked to recall their life before the pandemic and write down at least five (up to ten) activities they frequently performed. Once this was done, they were asked to do the same about their current life. The true purpose of the survey (comparing behaviors before and after the outbreak) was concealed from the participants. This is because knowing the true purpose may limit their responses to pandemic-related behaviors. They were informed that the purpose of this study was to identify frequently performed behaviors in a society. The survey was produced in an online format, and the survey company distributed it to the participants.