References
1. Nelson, B.W.; Pettitt, A.; Flannery, J.E.; Allen, N.B. Rapid Assessment of Psychological
and Epidemiological Correlates Of COVID-19 Concern, Financial Strain, and Health-Related Behavior Change in a Large Online Sample. PLoS One 2020 , 15 , e0241990, doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0241990.
2. Sjödin, H.; Wilder-Smith, A.; Osman, S.; Farooq, Z.; Rocklöv, J. Only Strict Quarantine Measures Can Curb The Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) Outbreak in Italy, 2020. Eurosurveillance 2020 ,25 , 2000280, doi:10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2020.25.13.2000280.
3. West, R.; Michie, S.; Rubin, G.J.; Amlôt, R. Applying Principles of Behaviour Change to Reduce SARS-Cov-2 Transmission. Nat. Hum. Behav. 2020 , 4 , 451-459, doi:10.1038/s41562-020-0887-9.
4. Chang, Y.-K.; Hung, C.-L.; Timme, S.; Nosrat, S.; Chu, C.-H. Exercise Behavior and Mood during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Taiwan: Lessons for the Future. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2020 ,17 , 7092, doi:10.3390/ijerph17197092.
5. Meyer, J.; McDowell, C.; Lansing, J.; Brower, C.; Smith, L.; Tully, M.; Herring, M. Changes in Physical Activity and Sedentary Behavior in Response to COVID-19 and Their Associations with Mental Health in 3052 US Adults. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2020 ,17 , 6469, doi:10.3390/ijerph17186469.
6. Sonza, A.; da Cunha de Sá-Caputo, D.; Sartorio, A.; Tamini, S.; Seixas, A.; Sanudo, B.; Süßenbach, J.; Provenza, M.M.; Xavier, V.L.; Taiar, R. COVID-19 Lockdown and the Behavior Change on Physical Exercise, Pain and Psychological Well-Being: An International Multicentric Study. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health2021 , 18 , 3810, doi:10.3390/ijerph18073810.
7. Elhadi, M.; Alsoufi, A.; Msherghi, A.; Alshareea, E.; Ashini, A.; Nagib, T.; Abuzid, N.; Abodabos, S.; Alrifai, H.; Grease, E. Psychological Health, Sleep Quality, Behavior, and Internet Use among People during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Cross-Sectional Study.Front. Psychiatry 2021 , 12 , doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2021.632496.
8. Liu, X.; Luo, W.-T.; Li, Y.; Li, C.-N.; Hong, Z.-S.; Chen, H.-L.; Xiao, F.; Xia, J.-Y. Psychological Status and Behavior Changes of the Public during the COVID-19 Epidemic in China. Infect. Dis. Poverty 2020 , 9 , 1-11, doi:10.1186/s40249-020-00678-3.
9. Shamsalinia, A.; Mohammadi, S.; Ghaffari, F.; Arazi, T. Changes in Preventive Behavior During the First 3 Months of the COVID-19 Outbreak in Iran. Disaster Med Public Health Prep 2020 , 1-8, doi:10.1017/dmp.2020.378.
10. Wang, C.; Pan, R.; Wan, X.; Tan, Y.; Xu, L.; Ho, C.S.; Ho, R.C. Immediate Psychological Responses and Associated Factors during the Initial Stage of the 2019 Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) Epidemic among the General Population in China. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2020 , 17 , 1729, doi:10.3390/ijerph17051729.
11. Barber, S.J.; Kim, H. COVID-19 worries and behavior changes in older and younger men and women. J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci2021 , 76 , e17-e23, doi:10.1093/geronb/gbaa068.
12. Lee, M.; You, M. Psychological and Behavioral Responses in South Korea during the Early Stages of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19).Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2020 , 17 , 2977, doi:10.3390/ijerph17092977.
13. Dinić, B.M.; Bodroža, B. COVID-19 Protective Behaviors are Forms of Prosocial and Unselfish Behaviors. Front. Psychology2021 , 12 , 1128, doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2021.647710.
14. Bauman, A.E.; Reis, R.S.; Sallis, J.F.; Wells, J.C.; Loos, R.J.; Martin, B.W. Correlates of Physical Activity: Why are Some People Physically Active and Others Not? Lancet 2012 ,380 , 258-271, doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(12)60735-1.
15. Azizi, A.; Achak, D.; Aboudi, K.; Saad, E.; Nejjari, C.; Nouira, Y.; Hilali, A.; Youlyouz-Marfak, I.; Marfak, A. Health-Related Quality of Life and Behavior-Related Lifestyle Changes due to the COVID-19 Home Confinement: Dataset from a Moroccan Sample. Data Brief.2020 , 32 , 106239, doi:10.1016/j.dib.2020.106239.
16. Rossi not, H.; Fantin, R.; Venne, J. Behavioral Changes during COVID-19 Confinement in France: A Web-Based Study. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2020 , 17 , 8444, doi:10.3390/ijerph17228444.
17. Antonucci, T.C.; Ajrouch, K.J.; Birditt, K.S. The Convoy Model: Explaining Social Relations from a Multidisciplinary Perspective.Gerontologist 2014 , 54 , 82-92, doi:10.1093/geront/gnt118.
18. Glowacz, F.; Schmits, E. Psychological Distress during the COVID-19 Lockdown: The Young Adults Most at Risk. Psychiatry Res.2020 , 293 , 113486, doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2020.113486
19. Ueda, M.; Stickley, A.; Sueki, H.; Matsubayashi, T. Mental Health Status of the General Population in Japan during the COVID-19 Pandemic.Psychiatry Clin. Neurosci. 2020 , 74 , 505-506, doi:10.1101/2020.04.28.20082453.
20. Tsuya, N.O.; Bumpass, L.L.; Choe, M.K. Gender, Employment, and Housework in Japan, South Korea, and The United States. Popul Res Policy Rev 2000 , 9 , 195-220.
21. Proto, E.; Quintana-Domeque, C. COVID-19 and Mental Health Deterioration by Ethnicity and Gender in The UK. PloS One2021 , 16 , e0244419.
22. Ruppanner, L.; Tan, X.; Carson, A.; Ratcliff, S. Emotional and financial health during COVID‐19: The role of housework, employment and childcare in Australia and the United States. Gend. Work Organ.2021 , doi:10.1111/gwao.12727.
23. Stroud, I.; Gutman, L.M. Longitudinal Changes in the Mental Health of UK Young Male and Female Adults during the COVID-19 Pandemic.Psychiatry Res. 2021 , 303 , 114074, DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2021.114074
Supplementary Materials: This manuscript contains one supplementary excel file containing Table S1 and a data set.
Funding : This research and the APC was funded by Grant-in-Aid for Transformative Research Areas (A) [No. 20H05803] from Japan Society for the Promotion of Science.
Author Contributions: Conceptualization, M.K. and M.M.; Methodology, M.K. and M.M.; Software, M.K.; Validation, M.K.; Formal Analysis, M.K. and Y.T.; Investigation, M.K.; Resources, M.K. and M.M.; Data Curation, M.K and Y. T.; Writing – Original Draft Preparation, M.K.; Writing – Review & Editing, M.K., M.M., Y.T.; Visualization, M.K.; Supervision, M.M.; Project Administration, M.M.; Funding Acquisition, M.M.”
Institutional Review Board Statement: All participants in this research were treated ethically. The research was approved by the ethical committee at the Liberal Arts and Science in Kanazawa University (No. 2020-6, 2021. March 23).
Informed Consent Statement: Informed consent was obtained from all participants involved in the study.
Data Availability Statement: The data supporting reported results can be found in the supplemental material.
Conflicts of Interest: The authors declare no conflict of interest.