Self – Determination theory
According to self-determination theory, effective self-regulation and psychological health are based on the satisfaction of three basic psychological needs: competence – the capacity to act effectively on the world, autonomy – self authorship or personal initiative, and relatedness – closeness or connectedness with others (Deci & Ryan, 1985).
Self-determination theory is also driven by five different types of motivation: intrinsic motivation which refers to focusing on the task as a result of self-delight, integrated motivation which refers to behavior guided by the values of the individual,identified motivation which refers to behaviors guided by values identified by the individual but different from personal values,introjected motivation which refers to the behaviors that are guided by values and forces that are extraneous to the individual but whereas the individual recognizes the authority of the force, andexternal motivation which refers to the behaviors guided by extraneous factors such as reward or punishment (Deci & Gagné, 2005).