Materials
A total of 20 target words were selected from Japanese Kanji norms, a
normative set used in a previous study
(Kitao et al., 1977) and used in
the previous studies (Toyota, 1989). Each target word was written in a
Japanese Kanji character familiar to the participants on separate
PowerPoint slides. The familiarity of these target words ranged from
4.1 to 5.8, and the concreteness of these words ranged from 81% to
98%. Each target word was placed on its slide on an orienting list (20
targets and two buffers). Each participant was asked to answer the
orienting question: “Do you remember episodes related to a presented
word ?” implicitly, without orally answering “ Yes” or “No.” The
sequence of the target words in the orienting list was fixed.