___Figure 6___
Our study has several limitations. The database is restricted to GBM
patients in Guilan Province, impacting the generalizability of findings.
The low tumor incidence led to limited patient data for several
hospitals, underscoring the need for a larger sample size per center to
address within-hospital variation. Moreover, the study lacks details
regarding the specific types of treatment administered, including the
particular chemotherapeutic agents used for each patient. It is possible
that these treatment details could have an impact on sex differences in
outcomes and survival rates. Further studies utilizing different
databases are needed to investigate factors unavailable in our research,
such as IDH mutation status, to provide a more comprehensive
understanding of sex-based differences in survival and outcomes for
gliomas.