Figure 1. Formation mechanism of graphene directly synthesized
on arbitrary substrate by C-ion implantation. a1-a3) Schematic
illustration of our graphene synthesis method. b1-b3) SIMS depth
profiles of C-implanted Cu-Ni films on SiO2 substrate.
c1-c3) Schematic diagrams showing the graphene synthesis process by C
ion implantation into the Smart
Janus Cu-Ni dual metal substrate.