\documentclass[10pt]{article}

\usepackage{fullpage}
\usepackage{setspace}
\usepackage{parskip}
\usepackage{titlesec}
\usepackage[section]{placeins}
\usepackage{xcolor}
\usepackage{breakcites}
\usepackage{lineno}
\usepackage{hyphenat}





\PassOptionsToPackage{hyphens}{url}
\usepackage[colorlinks = true,
            linkcolor = blue,
            urlcolor  = blue,
            citecolor = blue,
            anchorcolor = blue]{hyperref}
\usepackage{etoolbox}
\makeatletter
\patchcmd\@combinedblfloats{\box\@outputbox}{\unvbox\@outputbox}{}{%
  \errmessage{\noexpand\@combinedblfloats could not be patched}%
}%
\makeatother


\usepackage{natbib}




\renewenvironment{abstract}
  {{\bfseries\noindent{\abstractname}\par\nobreak}\footnotesize}
  {\bigskip}

\titlespacing{\section}{0pt}{*3}{*1}
\titlespacing{\subsection}{0pt}{*2}{*0.5}
\titlespacing{\subsubsection}{0pt}{*1.5}{0pt}


\usepackage{authblk}


\usepackage{graphicx}
\usepackage[space]{grffile}
\usepackage{latexsym}
\usepackage{textcomp}
\usepackage{longtable}
\usepackage{tabulary}
\usepackage{booktabs,array,multirow}
\usepackage{amsfonts,amsmath,amssymb}
\providecommand\citet{\cite}
\providecommand\citep{\cite}
\providecommand\citealt{\cite}
% You can conditionalize code for latexml or normal latex using this.
\newif\iflatexml\latexmlfalse
\providecommand{\tightlist}{\setlength{\itemsep}{0pt}\setlength{\parskip}{0pt}}%

\AtBeginDocument{\DeclareGraphicsExtensions{.pdf,.PDF,.eps,.EPS,.png,.PNG,.tif,.TIF,.jpg,.JPG,.jpeg,.JPEG}}

\usepackage[utf8]{inputenc}
\usepackage[ngerman,english]{babel}



\usepackage{float}








\begin{document}

\title{Towards Realisation of a Non-Invasive Blood Glucose Sensor Using
Microstripline}



\author[1]{Samuel Zeising }%
\author[2]{Jens Kirchner }%
\author[2]{Hossein Fazeli Khalili }%
\author[2]{Doaa Ahmed }%
\author[2]{Maximilian Lübke }%
\author[2]{Angelika Thalmayer }%
\author[2]{Georg Fischer }%
\affil[1]{Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg (FAU)}%
\affil[2]{Affiliation not available}%


\vspace{-1em}



  
  \date{May 17, 2024}


\begingroup
\let\center\flushleft
\let\endcenter\endflushleft
\maketitle
\endgroup





\selectlanguage{english}
\begin{abstract}
In this paper, the design of a microwave based noninvasive glucose
sensor at the operating frequency of 19 GHz is presented. Worldwide,
about 451 million adults suffer from diabetes. For optimal therapy,
people with diabetes should monitor their blood glucose level
continuously over the day. For that purpose non-invasive microwave based
glucose sensors are under research. Non-invasive microwave based glucose
sensors must automatically perform continuous measurements with a high
and stable accuracy. However, there exists no reliable noninvasive
microwave based glucose sensor up to now. The proposed sensor is
designed based on a two-port microstripline (MSL) network. Water with
various glucose concentration from 0 to 500 mg/dl is placed in a slot
between the two ports. The simulation results show that the phase change
in the reflection coefficient for the various glucose concentration
depends on the matching. The measurement of the glucose concentration 10
mg/dl can be realized by applying a taper ground plane as a matching
technique decreasing reflections at the interface between the
microstripline substrate and the water. The proposed sensor achieves a
sensitivity of 2 \selectlanguage{ngerman}° phase change per 10 mg/dl glucose concentration
variation. In the future, the simulation results should be validated in
an experimental setup.\\%
\end{abstract}%



\sloppy




\selectlanguage{english}
\FloatBarrier
\end{document}

