Statistical analysis
The data analysis was performed using SPSS 26.0 statistical software (IBM, Chicago, IL, USA). Baseline characteristics were presented using proportions for categorical variables and mean with standard deviation (SD) or medians with quartiles for continuous variables. The normality of distribution for continuous variables was assessed using the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, and normally distributed quantitative data were expressed as mean ± standard deviation. Categorical variables were described in terms of frequency and percentage. Paired t-tests were used for the analysis of normally distributed quantitative data, while Wilcoxon signed-rank tests were employed for data that were not normally distributed. Comparisons between LAAWV and other variables such as LVEF, GLS, E/e’, and NT pro-BNP were performed using Student’s t-test or chi-square tests, as appropriate. To determine correlations between the PWTDI velocities and continuous variables, Pearson’s correlation coefficient was used, while the Spearman rank correlation coefficient was utilized for curvilinear data. A p-value of less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant for all analyses.